La pandemia mundial de la COVID-19 ha llevado a la suspensión de la actividad docente en muchos países. En el ámbito universitario la transformación urgente de las clases presenciales a un formato online se ha llevado a cabo de una forma que se puede calificar como aceptable en términos generales, si bien las medidas tomadas se han ajustado a la urgencia y no a una planificación pensada a priori para impartir una asignatura con una metodología completamente online. Afrontar una evaluación online masiva es algo a lo que las universidades de corte presencial no se habían enfrentado nunca desde una perspectiva institucional. El profesorado y el estudiantado, por tanto, tienen que colaborar para dar una respuesta que integre decisiones metodológicas y tecnológicas, a la vez que garantice la equidad, la seguridad jurídica y la transparencia para todos los actores, internos y externos. El Grupo de Responsables de Docencia Online de las Universidades Públicas de Castilla y León ha elaborado una guía de recomendaciones para ayudar al profesorado y a las universidades en este proceso. La esencia de esta guía se presenta en este artículo para hacer llegar estas recomendaciones al gran número de docentes que comparten este problema en este momento excepcional en todo el planeta.

PRIMARY immunodeficiency diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from intrinsic defects of the immune system.¹ They are frequently associated with repeated bacterial, fungal, or viral infections and may be caused by defects in organs (thymus), cells (B lymphocytes and phagocytes), or molecules (immunoglobulins, complement, adhesion receptors, and enzymes) of the immune system. Primary immunodeficiencies involving T lymphocytes or T-cell–specific molecules have only recently begun to be recognized, and thus children with recurrent infections due to faulty T-lymphocyte function may be given an incorrect diagnosis because of the lack of suitable laboratory tests.² Understanding of T-cell physiology has lagged behind that of B-cell or phagocyte physiology; no genetic defect causing primary T-cell immunodeficiency has yet been characterized.

La evaluación online en la educación superior en tiempos de la COVID-19

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent inflammatory disorder of the lacrimal functional unit of multifactorial origin leading to chronic ocular surface disease, impaired quality of vision, and a wide range of complications, eventually causing a reduction in quality of life. It still is a frustrating disease because of the present scarcity of therapies that can reverse, or at least stop, its progression. Methods: A comprehensive literature survey of English-written scientific publications on the role of inflammation in DED. Results: New investigations have demonstrated that a chronic inflammatory response plays a key role in the pathogenesis of human DED. Additionally, correlations between inflammatory molecules and clinical data suggest that inflammation can be responsible for some of the clinical symptoms and signs. Conclusions: Research efforts to clarify its pathophysiology are leading to a better understanding of DED, demonstrating that inflammation, in addition to many other factors, plays a relevant role.