The objective of this research was to look at how the pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) affected the liver, kidney, testis, and ovary of albino mice; and on morphological and skeletal features of the newborn of treated females. The study also aimed to test the ameliorative effects of L-carnitine (LC) against (LCT). Five sets of mice were created, Group 1 acted as the control, while Group 2 received a high dose of LCT, Group 3 received a high dose of LCT + LC, Group 4 received a low dose of LCT that was a residue of in khat (Qat), and Group 5 received a low dose of LCT + LC. The findings revealed that the treated groups' body weights were reduced significantly, whereas the absolute and relative weights of the liver in all groups were statistically decreased insignificantly. There were histopathological changes in the tissues in groups 2 and 4. While the tissues of the ovary and testis showed recovery in groups 3 and 5. When compared to the control group, the values of the seminiferous tubules parameters were statistically significant in the 3 and 5 groups. The newborn had a high dose of pesticides and showed some malformations in the skeleton. However, in group 3 the skeletal malformation was minimized and in-group 5 the skeleton malformations had completely disappeared. It could be concluded that LCT is highly harmful to mouse tissues and caused neonatal malformations, whereas LC has a marked protective effect against LCT.

Several methods have been conducted for embryo sex preselection, which includes X- and Y- sperm separation, changing the pH of the female reproductive tract, time of mating before or after ovulation, and feeding formula, such as altering the presence of minerals in diet content before breeding may affect the embryo sex preselection ratio. In this study, three food formulas to feed female sheep were created with the cooperation of the Arabian Agricultural Services Company (Arasco). Ewes were fed with modified food formulas for one month before mating with males. The first group (A) (30 ewes), modified for male embryo gender preselection, were fed a diet with an increased percentage of the minerals Na⁺, K^+, and P^-. The second group (B) (30 ewes), modified for female sex preselection, were fed a diet with an increased percentage of the minerals Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺. The third (control) group (C) (30 ewes) were fed the regular (Wafi) food formula. Our results showed no significant differences were in mean body weights between the three groups at the end of the feeding period. The results of different feeding formulas on mineral serum blood samples of ewes showed an increase in Na⁺, K^+, and Cl^- ions in the serum of group (A) compared to the other groups (B and C). The concentration of Na⁺ in the serum of group (A) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than group (C). The concentration of Cl^- ions in serum samples of ewes in group (A) was significantly higher than group (C) and group (B) (P < 0.05). The role of maternal feeding on embryo sex preselection shows that the pregnancy rate of animals in group (A) was 73.33%. Group (A) birthed 17 males and 5 females (77.27% and 22.72%, respectively). The pregnancy rate in group (B) was 70%. Group (B) birthed 6 males (27.27%) and 16 females (72.72%). Finally, the control group (C) had a pregnancy rate of 76.66%. They birthed 13 males (54.41%) and 11 females (44.83%). The results of our study confirm that altering the percentage of minerals in the maternal diet plays a role in sex preselection in sheep, which agree with other mammalian studies in rats and mice. Thus, the result of this study can help farmers to manage their breeding. We recommend that more studies on the relationship between minerals in the diet should be conducted for other spices and human sex preselection.

Foodborne illnesses pose a serious threat to public health, with increasing global incidence rates driven by factors such as rising meat consumption. Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens in meat is critical for preventing outbreaks. This study investigates the potential of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for identifying biomarkers and spectral fingerprints indicative of foodborne pathogens in raw chicken meat. Raw broiler chicken meat samples were surface-sterilized and inoculated with foodborne pathogens. The samples were challenge inoculated with the specific pathogen and the physical quality parameters like pH, color, texture, drip loss, and water activity were assessed. GC-MS analysis identified 113 metabolites, including potential biomarkers like ureidopropionic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, 11,14-eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester for E. coli O157:H7; 11-bromoundecanoic acid, neocurdione, glafenin, eicosanoic acid for Salmonella; azepan-1-yl-acetic acid, methyl ester, tramadol, cytarabine, dipipanone for Staphylococcus and cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, phosphonofluoridic acid, î-n-formyl-l-lysine for Pseudomonas. Pathway analysis revealed the involvement of fatty acid metabolism and amino acid degradation pathways. FTIR spectral data showed significant variances between control and spiked samples, particularly in the fatty acid spectral region. The identified metabolites and spectral patterns could serve as biomarkers for developing rapid pathogen detection methods, contributing to enhanced food safety protocols.

Rumex vesicarius(RV) is an edible wild annual plant, and it is reported that it contains a good source of minerals, protein, and ascorbic acid. Several studies have indicated the anti-liver damage, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of the RV plant. There are currently no reports regarding the effect of RV on fertility. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact of RV water seed extracts on mice fertility. RV plants were collected, and water seed extracts were prepared; 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) of this was then injected into the mice (male and female) using an oral feeding tube 5 days before mating (group I) or during caging of the females with the males for 1 week to detect their fertility rate. In the different female groups, no significant difference between their BW and their newborn’s BW in the treated and control groups was found. Female fertility, pregnancy, and offspring rates showed some variation within each female group and between the different female groups. In comparing the fertility and offspring rate between the different groups, there was a significant difference (P< 0.05) between groups I and III females and between groups I and IV females, while the other groups showed no significant differences. In contrast, the other groups showed no significant differences. Regarding the impact of the water seed extract on males, the BW was approximately the same in control and treated males.

Background: Embryo production in vitro requires three steps: in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC). The first step in the in vitro maturation of oocytes is germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), followed by completion of the 1st meiotic division and formation of the 1st polar body. These parameters are critical during ovary and oocyte selection. This study aimed to evaluate bovine ovary and oocyte collection for IVM. Methods: Ovaries collected from cows in a 0.9% NaCl saline solution at the central slaughterhouse were divided into two normal and abnormal ovaries according to their morphological appearance. The morphometric dimensions of bovine ovaries, such as weight and deamination (length, width and volume), were recorded. The oocyte was extruded and its deamination occurred before and after culture in maturation medium. Result: The mean ovary weight, volume, length and width were not significantly different between the two ovary types. Additionally, the dominant and subordinate follicle diameters in both ovary types showed no significant differences. Furthermore, the oocyte number per ovary of the normal and abnormal oocytes showed no significant differences. The mean cumulus oocyte complex before maturation showed no significant difference (52.73±7.23 mm for the normal ovary vs. 43.015±5.41 mm for the abnormal ovary). However, after maturation, a highly significant difference was found (P less than 0.001) between the normal ovaries before and after maturation (178.10±15.36 µm) and abnormal ovaries (10.45±7.99 µm). Additionally, data analysis of oocytes with or without 1st polar bodies revealed a highly significant difference (P less than 0.001) between oocytes of the normal ovary with (32.15±4.19) and without (10.95±1.59) 1st polar bodies and oocytes of the abnormal ovary with (7.0±078) and without 1st polar bodies (3.3±0.32). Thus, the critical point at which the normal ovary produces better in vitro matured follicles with good oocyte quality and produces the 1st polar body determines developmental competence. Therefore, the best selection of normal ovaries will enhance in vitro maturation for subsequent experiments, such as in vitro fertilization or cloning and in vitro embryo development.

The use of natural products as therapeutic agents is rapidly growing recently. In the current study, we investigated the protective effects of green tea supplementation on lead-induced toxicity in mice. Forty albino mice were divided into four groups as follows: A: control group; B: green tea receiving group; C: lead-intoxicated group; and D: lead-intoxicated group supplemented with green tea. At the end of the experiment, the animals were tested for neurobehavioral and biochemical alterations. Green tea was analyzed through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. We found that supplementation with green tea ameliorated the lead-associated increase in body weight and blood glucose. Green tea supplementation also changed the blood picture that was affected due to lead toxicity and ameliorated lead-induced dyslipidemia. The group of mice that were supplemented with green tea has shown positive alterations in locomotory, anxiety, memory, and learning behaviors. The GC/MS analysis revealed many active ingredients among which the two most abundant were caffeine and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester. We concluded that green tea supplementation has several positive effects on the lead-induced neurotoxicity in mice and that these effects may be attributed to its main two active ingredients.