Melanoma skin cancer detection at an early stage is crucial for an efficient treatment. Recently, it is well known that, the most dangerous form of skin cancer among the other types of skin cancer is melanoma because it's much more likely to spread to other parts of the body if not diagnosed and treated early. The non-invasive medical computer vision or medical image processing plays increasingly significant role in clinical diagnosis of different diseases. Such techniques provide an automatic image analysis tool for an accurate and fast evaluation of the lesion. The steps involved in this study are collecting dermoscopy image database, preprocessing, segmentation using thresholding, statistical feature extraction using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, (ABCD) etc., feature selection using Principal component analysis (PCA), calculating total Dermoscopy Score and then classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results show that the achieved classification accuracy is 92.1%.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a prominent cause of death globally. The introduction of medical big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology encouraged the effort to develop and deploy deep learning models for distinguishing heart sound abnormalities. These systems employ phonocardiogram (PCG) signals because of their lack of sophistication and cost-effectiveness. Automated and early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) helps alleviate deadly complications. In this research, a cardiac diagnostic system that combined CNN and LSTM components was developed, it uses phonocardiogram (PCG) signals, and utilizes either augmented or non-augmented datasets. The proposed model discriminates five heart valvular conditions, namely normal, Aortic Stenosis (AS), Mitral Regurgitation (MR), Mitral Stenosis (MS), and Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP). The findings demonstrate that the suggested end-to-end architecture yields outstanding performance concerning all important evaluation metrics. For the five classes problem using the open heart sound dataset, accuracy was 98.5%, F1-score was 98.501%, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.9978 for the non-augmented dataset and accuracy was 99.87%, F1-score was 99.87%, and AUC was 0.9985 for the augmented dataset. Model performance was further evaluated using the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology 2016 challenge dataset, for the two classes problem, accuracy was 93.76%, F1-score was 85.59%, and AUC was 0.9505. The achieved results show that the proposed system outperforms all previous works that use the same audio signal databases. In the future, the findings will help build a multimodal structure that uses both PCG and ECG signals.

Cervical cancer is screened by pap smear methodology for detection and classification purposes. Pap smear images of the cervical region are employed to detect and classify the abnormality of cervical tissues. In this paper, we proposed the first system that it ables to classify the pap smear images into a seven classes problem. Pap smear images are exploited to design a computer-aided diagnoses system to classify the abnormality in cervical images cells. Automated features that have been extracted using ResNet101 are employed to discriminate seven classes of images in Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The success of this proposed system in distinguishing between the levels of normal cases with 100% accuracy and 100% sensitivity. On top of that, it can distinguish between normal and abnormal cases with an accuracy of 100%. The high level of abnormality is then studied and classified with a high accuracy. On the other hand, the low level of abnormality is studied separately and classified into two classes, mild and moderate dysplasia, with ∼ 92% accuracy. The proposed system is a built-in cascading manner with five models of polynomial (SVM) classifier. The overall accuracy in training for all cases is 100%, while the overall test for all seven classes is around 92% in the test phase and overall accuracy reaches 97.3%. The proposed system facilitates the process of detection and classification of cervical cells in pap smear images and leads to early diagnosis of cervical cancer, which may lead to an increase in the survival rate in women.