Aim: Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy may cause ophthalmologic and neurological sequelae in the fetus. However, this screening is not clearly included in routine screening protocols in our country. Therefore, there is no general information about the exact prevalence of the disease. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the toxoplasmosis seroprevalence studies conducted in Turkey during pregnancy using the pool analysis method and to show the differences between seroprevalence rates by region. Material and method: Published literature in English and Turkish language on toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in pregnancy from Turkey in the last 30 years were elevated. Four international databases were scanned by using the keywords " Toxoplasmosis " OR " Toxoplasma gondii" OR " TORCH" and " seroprevalence" OR "IG G" and " pregnant women” OR " pregnancy” OR " pregnant” and ''Turkey''or 'Turkish'. The publications were evaluated in terms of the general frequency, city, region, year, sample size, diagnostic method. Conference papers were not included in the study. Studies involving refugee women in the sample group were excluded. Results: A total number of 58 studies and 256612 test results were included. ELISA (n=22) was the most preferred laboratory diagnostic method. The average Anti-Toxo IgG seroprevalence rate in the pregnant population in Turkey was found to be 36.76%. And the average of Anti-Toxo IgM rate was found to be 2.91%. As a result of our study, the highest Anti-Toxo IgG test results were; It was found in studies conducted in Southeastern Anatolia (59.43%), Mediterranean (43.95%), and Eastern Anatolia (40.89%). The regions with the lowest Anti-Toxo IgG test results are respectively; Aegean Region (30.25%), Marmara Region (31.21%), and Black Sea Region (31.80%). Anti-Toxo IgM ratios are highest respectively; It was detected in Aegean Region (5.65%), Mediterranean Region (2.77%), and Southeastern Anatolia (2.21%). Conclusion: It has been determined that western Turkey (Aegean Region) is riskier in terms of congenital toxoplasmosis due to its high susceptibility to Toxoplasma infection associated with low toxoplasma seroprevalence compared to the east, and it is considered important to perform at least region-based prenatal toxoplasma screening to prevent this.

Introduction: We aimed to examine the D-dimer/platelet ratio (DPR), which includes the combination of D-dimer and platelet measurements, which are two important markers in predicting prognosis, considering that it will show clinical progression. Methods: After ranking the patients from high to low according to DPR level, they were divided into three equal groups. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters between groups were compared according to DPR level. The consistency of DPR with other coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) biomarkers in the literature in terms of hospitalization and mortality in the intensive care unit was examined. Results: Complications such as renal failure, pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), and stroke of the patients increased as the DPR increased. Patients in the third group with high DPR had higher oxygen demands from symptom onset, such as reservoir masks, high-flow oxygen, and mechanical ventilation. The first hospitalization location in the third group was determined as the intensive care unit. Mortality increased as the DPR value increased, and the time to death in patients in the third group was significantly shorter than the patients in the other two groups. While most of the patients in the first two groups recovered, 42% of the patients in the third group died. While the area under the curve was 80.6% in predicting DPR admission to the intensive care unit, the cut-off value was determined as 1.606. When the effect of DPR on predicting mortality was examined, the area under the curve for DPR was 82.6% and the cut-off value was determined as 2.284. Conclusion: DPR is successful in predicting the severity, ICU admission, and mortality of COVID-19 patients.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immundeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a critical global public health problem that significantly affects both life expectancy and the overall quality of life of in dividuals in all age groups. The landscape of HIV infection has changed significantly in recent years due to the introduction of effective combination antiretroviral therapies (ART). A key component of first -line ART regimens for HIV treatment is abacavir, a nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Although ab acavir is effective in suppressing viral replication and managing disease, its clinical utility is overshadowed by the potential for life -threatening hypersensitivity reactions in HLA-B*57:01-positive patients. In our country, local data obtained from various centers regarding the prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 in HIV -1 -infected patients are available. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of the HLA-B*57:01 genotype in HIV -infected patients who were followed up and treated in many regions of our country. This retrospective study consists of the data of the patients aged 18 years and over diagnosed with HIV -1 infection between 01.01.2019 and 31.07.2022. Age, gender, place of birth, mode of transmission of the disease, death status, CD4+ T cell count and HIV RNA levels at the first clinical presentation, HLA-B*57:01 positivity, and the method used, clinical stage of the disease, virological response time with the treatment they received were recorded from the patient files. Data were collected from 16 centers and each center used different methods to detect HLA-B*57:01. These methods were sequence -specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (SSOP), DNA sequence -based typing (SBT), single -specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR), allele -specific PCR (AS-PCR) and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). A total of 608 HIV -infected individuals, 523 males (86%) and 85 females (14%), were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 36.9 +/- 11.9 (18-73) years. The prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 allele was found to be 3.6% (22 patients). The number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in HLA-B*57:01 allele -positive patients was > 500/ mm(3) in 10 patients (45.5%), while the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in HLA-B*57:01 negative pa- tients was > 500/mm(3) in 216 patients (36.9%) (p> 0.05). Viral load at the time of diagnosis was found to be lower in patients with positive HLA-B*57:01 allele but it was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Although different treatment algorithms were used in the centers following the patients, it was observed that the duration of virological response was shorter in HLA-B*57:01 positive patients (p= 0.006). Although the presence of the HLA-B*57:01 allele has a negative impact due to its association with hypersensitivity, it is likely to continue to attract interest due to its association with slower progression of HIV infection and reduced risk of developing AIDS. In addition, although the answer to the question of whether it is cost-effective to screen patients for HLA-B*57:01 before starting an abacavir-containing ART regimen for the treatment of HIV infection is being sought, it seems that HIV treatment guidelines will continue to recommend screening to identify patients at risk in this regard.

Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze the scientific studies about Legionellosis which published in all around the world. Material and methods: The Elsevier’s Scopus database (https://www.scopus.com/) was searched with the for bibliometric analysis method. Articles were selected only according to their valid scientific properties which accepted by scientific community with their methodologic design. The publications were analyzed according to publication years, countries, authors, institutions, funding institutions, publishing languages, themes, citations, keywords, methods, and samples. The Scopus database was filtered for document type which only the articles. The data containing the keywords “legionellosis” or “Legionella pneumophila” or “Legionella” or “Pontiac fever” in their title were retrieved till December 13, 2021. Results: In total, 8778 documents relating to Legionellosis were identified in the Scopus database till December 13, 2021. 7073 of the documents were articles. The articles were published in mainly in the discipline of medicine (n=4766, 67.38%). The first articles were published in the year 1977 and was from United States of America (USA). There were two surges in the number of publications in the years 1983 and 2013. After 1980, the annual number of articles never dropped below 100 articles per year. The USA dominated the scientific production on Legionella with the number of 2214 (31.30%) publications. The top 5 leading scientifically productive countries on Legionella literature after USA were Germany (n=8.41%), United Kingdom (7.64%), France (7.36%) and Japan (n=512, 7.23%). The publications on Legionellosis were from more than 100 countries globally. The maximum number of the citation was in the year of 1978. 1126 (15.9%) of the articles were not cited yet. Conclusion: The number of publications was high since the first reports were published, but the number of cites decreased since 2020.

Purpose: Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive angioinvasive fungal infection with limited large-scale outcome data. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical spectrum, treatment strategies, and predictors of outcomes in adult patients with proven mucormycosis in Türkiye. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, retrospective study of 280 adults diagnosed with proven mucormycosis between 2004 and 2024 across 27 tertiary centers. Case definitions were applied according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Clinical characteristics, antifungal management, surgical interventions, and outcomes were systematically analyzed. Results: The median age of the cohort was 60 years, and diabetes mellitus, frequently complicated by ketoacidosis, was the most common underlying condition. Rhino-orbital-cerebral disease represented the predominant clinical form, whereas pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and disseminated presentations were less frequent but carried less favorable prognoses. Liposomal amphotericin B was the main first-line therapy, often combined with surgery, although antifungal treatment was initiated at a median of five days after symptom onset. Ninety-day mortality was 42.1% by Kaplan–Meier estimation (crude 49.3%) and reached 49.3% (crude 55.0%) at 365 days. Crude mortality was lowest in patients who did not undergo surgery; however, this association was not significant in the time-dependent Cox regression analysis, suggesting confounding by baseline severity. Poor outcomes were associated with corticosteroid exposure, prolonged neutropenia, and neurological manifestations, while a history of sinusitis appeared to be associated with improved survival. Conclusion: In this multicenter study, survival was mainly determined by host-related factors rather than the choice of antifungal agent. Corticosteroid exposure, prolonged neutropenia, and neurological involvement independently predicted poor outcomes, whereas a prior history of sinusitis was linked to improved survival, likely reflecting earlier diagnosis and intervention. These findings reinforce the need for heightened clinical awareness, rapid recognition, and prompt multidisciplinary management to improve outcomes in patients with mucormycosis.