This study investigates the potential of macrophytes as biostimulants in agricultural applications through a two-stage experimental approach. In the first stage, a screening experiment evaluated 12 macrophyte species using ethanolic and potassium chloride extracts at two doses (1 and 5 kg fresh biomass/ha) applied to bioindicator species Cucumis sativus (C3) and Urochloa decumbens (C4). Controlled greenhouse conditions and randomized block designs ensured reliability. Dry biomass was measured 21 days after treatment (DAT), revealing varied macrophyte effects. Ethanolic extracts of Typha domingensis and Egeria densa demonstrated significant biomass increases, particularly for U. decumbens, while potassium chloride extracts often reduced biomass. E. densa was selected for further analysis due to its promising results and ease of selective harvesting. In the second stage, a dose–response experiment assessed the impact of E. densa ethanolic extracts on Phaseolus vulgaris at six doses (0.25 to 4 kg fresh biomass/ha). Optimal results were observed at 1–2 kg/ha, yielding 15% increases in plant height and dry biomass. Higher doses showed diminishing returns. These findings highlight the potential of E. densa as a sustainable biostimulant and a solution for macrophyte overabundance in Brazilian reservoirs, supporting agricultural and environmental objectives.

Garlic cultivation holds significant importance in Brazil. However, research on garlic crops is currently limited and outdated, highlighting the necessity for new studies, particularly focused on enhancing weed management and optimizing the use of agricultural inputs. This study aimed to assess the extent of yield losses attributed to weed interference and the specific periods during which weed interference impacts garlic crop yields in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The experiments were conducted in Curitibanos, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, during 2019 and 2020, using the garlic cultivars Chonan and Ito, respectively. A randomized block experimental design was employed, consisting of 16 treatment groups with four replications. The design incorporated a 2×8 factorial arrangement, involving two weed management strategies (coexistence and control) and eight crop-weed coexistence periods (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 130 days after crop emergence – DAE). The study evaluated the weed community and recorded data on the number of bulbs, bulb diameter, as well as total and commercial bulb yields of garlic crops. The results indicated average losses of 24.3% in total bulb yield and 28.9% in commercial bulb yield. Critical periods for effective weed control were identified as 6 to 126 DAE in 2019, 5 to 126 DAE in 2020 for total yield, 3 to 126 DAE in 2019, and 5 to 126 DAE in 2020 for commercial bulb yield. Consequently, it is imperative to maintain garlic crops weed-free throughout most of their growth cycle.

A demanda por produtos oriundos do setor agropecuário é crescente, impondo um cenário de necessário aumento de produtividade deste setor. Neste contexto, o sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária (ILP) pode alcançar estes objetivos de forma prática e sustentável, além das melhorias proporcionadas pelo sistema. Desde tempos remotos, o homem busca alternativas que aumentem a produtividade no setor agropecuário. O sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária (ILP) consiste na união de dois sistemas de produção, especificamente a agricultura e a pecuária, buscando contemplar positivamente os dois segmentos. Desta forma, a fim de compreender as vantagens desta prática, este estudo buscou reunir informações sobre o sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária (ILP) e de suas contribuições para a cadeia agropecuária, por meio de revisão literária de trabalhos nacionais e internacionais publicados em revistas científicas eletrônicas e impressas, acessíveis através da web, além de livros e publicações do Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, relacionados ao uso da técnica de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária (ILP). Diante das informações levantadas através do presente estudo se encontram os pontos positivos como: maior aproveitamento de nutrientes presentes no solo, controle da erosão, diminuição da compactação do solo e de plantas daninhas são descritos na literatura, porém o pisoteio dos animais é caracterizado como uma das desvantagens deste sistema. Assim, é possível afirmar que a implantação do sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária (ILP) consiste em uma importante ferramenta de fomento produtivo, que quando bem implantada, pode trazer muitos benefícios para os segmentos envolvidos. Palavras-chave: Agropecuária. Sistemas de Integração. Degradação de Pastagens. Forragens. AbstractThe demand for products from the agricultural sector is increasing, imposing a scenario of necessary increase of productivity of this sector. In this context, the crop-livestock integration system (ILP) can achieve these goals in a practical and sustainable way, in addition to the improvements provided by the system. Since ancient times man has been looking for alternatives that increase productivity in the agricultural sector. The ILP consists of the union of two production systems, specifically agriculture and livestock, seeking to contemplate the two segments positively. Therefore, in order to understand the advantages of this practice, this study sought to gather information on the crop-livestock integration system and its contributions to the agricultural and livestock chain, through a literature review of national and international papers published in electronic journals and printed, accessible through the web, in addition to books and publications of the Ministry of Livestock and Supply Agriculture related to the use of the technique of crop-livestock integration. In view of the information collected through the present study are the positive aspects such as: greater use of nutrients present in the soil, erosion control, soil compaction and weed reduction are described in the literature; but the animals trampling is characterized as one of the disadvantages of this system. Thus, it is possible to state that the implantation of the Crop-Livestock Integration system is an important productive development tool that, when well implemented, can bring many benefits to the involved segments . Keywords: Agriculture. Integration Systems. Pasture Degradation. Fodder.

A transformação de frutas em polpas é uma alternativa para reduzir as perdas, manter a oferta e a qualidade do produto. No Brasil, a Instrução Normativa nº 01, de 07 de janeiro de 2000, regulamenta os padrões de identidade e qualidade para polpas de frutas, como os limites microbiológicos, entre os micro-organismos de interesse, a presença de Salmonella spp. A ocorrência desse micro-organismo se destaca por caracterizar falhas durante manipulação da matéria-prima e ou no processo produtivo. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetivou realizar análise qualitativa quanto à presença de Salmonella spp. em amostras de polpas de frutas congeladas vendidas em varejo na cidade de Primavera do Leste - MT. Para as análises do presente estudo foram adquiridas 51 amostras de polpas industrializadas, de três diferentes marcas, essas denominadas A (n=13), B(n=15) e C(n=23). Foram analisadas amostras de cinco sabores diferentes, sendo esses: morango, acerola, abacaxi, uva e laranja. Após aquisição e armazenamento, as amostras foram remetidas a um laboratório de análises clínicas e microbiologia terceirizado, em que as amostras previamente diluídas foram semeadas em meio de crescimento e, posteriormente, em placas com ágar Salmonella-Shigella. Além disso, foram realizadas análises bioquímicas e incubação em painel de crescimento biológico para complementar os resultados. As análises microbiológicas não apresentaram crescimento bacteriano para nenhuma das 51(100%) amostras de polpas de fruta congelada avaliadas, assim como não houve indicativo de presença da bactéria pelos testes bioquímicos e pelo painel, o que condiz com a regulamentação referente ao não registro de Salmonella spp. Tal resultado constitui um indicativo de que a aplicação das recomendações de manipulação e dos padrões de qualidade para o preparo das polpas das marcas analisadas estão sendo realizados adequadamente para o controle da ocorrência de Salmonella spp. Palavras-chave: Micro-organismos. Manipulação. Alimentos. Abstract The fruits transformation into pulp is an alternative to reduce losses, maintain the product supply and quality. In Brazil, Normative Instruction No. 01 of January 7th, 2000, regulates the identity and quality standards for fruit pulps, such as the microbiological limits, among the microorganisms of interest, the presence of Salmonella spp. The occurrence of this microorganism stands out for characterizing failures during the raw material manipulation and or in the production process. Therefore, the present work aimed to perform qualitative analysis regarding the presence of Salmonella spp. in samples of frozen fruit pulps marketed in the retail of the city of Primavera do Leste, MT. For the analysis of the present study, 51 samples of industrialized pulps were purchased from three different brands, those named A (n = 13), B (n = 15) and C (n = 23). Samples of five different flavors were analyzed, namely: strawberry, acerola, pineapple, grape and orange. After acquisition and storage, the samples were sent to a third-party laboratory for clinical analysis and microbiology, where the previously diluted samples were sown in growth medium and later on plates with Salmonella-Shigella agar. In addition, biochemical analyzes and incubation in biological growth panels were carried out to complement the results. Microbiological analyzes did not show bacterial growth for any of the 51 (100%) frozen fruit pulp samples evaluated, as well as there was no indication of the bacterium presence by biochemical tests and the panel, which is consistent with the regulations regarding the non-registration of Salmonella spp. This result is an indication that the application of the handling recommendations and quality standards for the pulps preparation of the analyzed brands is being carried out properly to control the occurrence of Salmonella spp. Keyword: Microrganisms. Manipulaton. Foods.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of the herbicides pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin for transplanted onion, which currently do not have registration for this crop in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in two commercial crops in Imbuia and Curitibanos, SC, Brazil, with four replications. The herbicides application was carried out pre-emergence of weeds, after onion transplanting in both experiments. The Imbuia experiment had eight treatments: T1: diuron (D) + pyroxasulfone (PYR) (500 + 50 g ha-1), T2: D + PYR (500 + 75 g ha-1), T3: D + PYR (500 + 100 g ha-1), T4: D + PYR + flumioxazin (FLU) [500 + (60 + 40 g ha-1)], T5: D + PYR + FLU [500 + (75 + 50 g ha-1)], T6: D + PYR + FLU [500 + (90 + 60 g ha-1)], T7: Weed free check, and T8: Control. In Curitibanos, had an additional treatment, with application of diuron (500 g ha-1). Evaluation consisted of identification and weed control, crop phytotoxicity, onion stand, and diameter and yield of bulbs. Pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin, with diuron, were effective in control of Polygonum persicaria, Galinsoga parviflora, and Coronopus didymus, regardless of the dose used. Diuron with pyroxasulfone at a dose of 100 g ha-1 and with pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin (60 + 40, 75 + 50, and 90 + 60 g ha-1) were effective in Raphanus spp. control in boths experiments. The control showed losses in its total yield compared to the weed free check, decreasing by 81,7% in Imbuia and 90,3% in Curitibanos. The herbicides used were selective and are importante tools for weed management in transplanted onion. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of the herbicides pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin for transplanted onion, which currently do not have registration for this crop in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in two commercial crops in Imbuia and Curitibanos, SC, Brazil, with four replications. The herbicides application was carried out pre-emergence of weeds, after onion transplanting in both experiments. The Imbuia experiment had eight treatments: T1: diuron (D) + pyroxasulfone (PYR) (500 + 50 g ha-1), T2: D + PYR (500 + 75 g ha-1), T3: D + PYR (500 + 100 g ha-1), T4: D + PYR + flumioxazin (FLU) [500 + (60 + 40 g ha-1)], T5: D + PYR + FLU [500 + (75 + 50 g ha-1)], T6: D + PYR + FLU [500 + (90 + 60 g ha-1)], T7: Weed free check, and T8: Control. In Curitibanos, had an additional treatment, with application of diuron (500 g ha-1). Evaluation consisted of identification and weed control, crop phytotoxicity, onion stand, and diameter and yield of bulbs. Pyroxasulfone and pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin, with diuron, were effective in control of Polygonum persicaria, Galinsoga parviflora, and Coronopus didymus, regardless of the dose used. Diuron with pyroxasulfone at a dose of 100 g ha-1 and with pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin (60 + 40, 75 + 50, and 90 + 60 g ha-1) were effective in Raphanus spp. control in boths experiments. The control showed losses in its total yield compared to the weed free check, decreasing by 81,7% in Imbuia and 90,3% in Curitibanos. The herbicides used were selective and are importante tools for weed management in transplanted onion.