The world’s population is growing rapidly, and population management processes have become much more complex. The world’s population lives mainly in cities, and naturally, the governance processes in cities are increasing. For efficient process management, researchers are now proposing smart city concepts. According to this concept, research work is being carried out in several directions. One of these areas is an intelligent transport system. This research paper discusses the scientific work performed in intelligent transport systems, including concepts, capabilities, Internet of Things of vehicles, organization of information, and communication processes. The operating frequency ranges, network parameters, and applications are considered. The final part of the paper presents a proposal for creating an intelligent parking system and outlines some promising work that can be done in this area. This paper is intended for researchers who plan to explore important aspects of intelligent transportation systems and help them in their future endeavors.

Ultra-dense 5G and beyond-5G networks improve spatial spectrum reuse but intensify co-channel interference, creating coupled challenges in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), quality of service (QoS), and radio-resource management. This study develops an EMC-aware multi-objective framework for joint radio-resource and transmit-power coordination. Raw link-specific interference thresholds are derived from signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio requirements. Non-negative thresholds define physically admissible interference budgets, whereas negative raw thresholds explicitly identify intrinsically SINR-infeasible links. The resulting operational EMC states drive actionable critical-link detection, dominant-interferer localization, bounded resource-block reassignment, and conditional power adaptation. System-level simulations over 100 paired Monte Carlo realizations compare the proposed method with four non-adaptive, learning-based, deterministic joint, and population-based reference schemes under common network and channel conditions. At 80 base stations and 200 user equipment (UEs), the proposed method achieves an EMC score of 0.568 and an EMC violation ratio of 0.419, together with a 13.26 dB mean signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, 376.63 Mbit/s aggregate throughput, and 18.83 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency. Its runtime is 34.08 s per realization, compared with 93.79 s and 476.53 s for the two iterative joint-optimization benchmarks. The results indicate a distinct performance–complexity trade-off rather than universal metric-wise superiority.

Reliable vehicular safety broadcasting requires channel access that limits collisions without imposing excessive delay on urgent messages. However, fixed contention windows and single-indicator adaptation do not fully represent the combined effects of contender population, channel occupancy, and repeated backoff interruption. This study proposes Multi-Indicator Responsive Adaptation integrated with Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (MIRA-EDCA), a deterministic contention-control mechanism that separates potential contention through a normalized contender indicator, realized channel occupancy through the Channel Busy Ratio (CBR), and node-level backoff interruption through the Backoff Freeze Ratio (BFR), and combines them through a bounded contention-pressure function. The measure drives class-specific contention-window updates through discrete levels and a one-level-per-epoch transition rule while preserving priority differentiation between event-driven and periodic safety traffic. MIRA-EDCA was evaluated in a controlled slot-level IEEE 802.11p simulation over 30 density–traffic operating points formed by ten vehicle-population levels and three event-load levels, with 30 Monte Carlo realizations per operating point. Relative to Standard EDCA, MIRA-EDCA reduced collision probability by 31.92% while increasing conditional mean event-message MAC access delay by 0.66%; for vehicle populations of 100 or more, collision reduction reached 33.40% with a delay increase below 1%. Under the implemented common-environment proxy comparisons, MIRA-EDCA exhibited an 88.6% lower conditional mean event-message MAC access delay than the Dynamic Contention Window common-environment proxy (DYCW-2023-CE) and a 31.7% lower conditional mean MAC access delay than MA-DRL-2026-CE-PS. The corresponding transmitter-side SBR difference relative to DYCW-2023-CE was +0.899 percentage points. These comparisons refer only to the proxy controllers implemented under the matched assumptions of this study and not to the complete source protocols. These results support the proposed MAC-layer contention-control logic within the evaluated IEEE 802.11p common-contention-domain abstraction; they characterize collision–access-delay behavior at the modeled MAC layer and do not constitute receiver-side or end-to-end reliability validation.