In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), mobile devices connect with other devices wirelessly, where there is no central administration. They are prone to different types of attacks such as the black hole, insider, gray hole, wormhole, faulty node, and packet drop, which considerably interrupt to perform secure communication. This paper has implemented the denial‐of‐service attacks like black hole attacks on general‐purpose ad hoc on‐demand distance vector (AODV) protocol. It uses three approaches: normal AODV, black hole AODV (BH_AODV), and detected black hole AODV (D_BH_AODV), wherein we observe that black holes acutely degrade the performance of networks. We have detected the black hole attacks within the networks using two techniques: (1) intrusion detection system (IDS) and (2) encryption technique (digital signature) with the concept of prevention. Moreover, normal AODV, BH_AODV, and D_BH_AODV protocols are investigated for various quality of service (QoS) parameters, i.e., packet delivery ratio (PDR), delay, and overhead with varying the number of nodes, packet sizes, and simulation times. The NS2 software has been used as a simulation tool to simulate existing network topologies, but it does not contain any mechanism to simulate malicious protocols by itself; therefore, we have developed and implemented a D_BH_AODV routing protocol. The outcomes show that the proposed D_BH_AODV approach for the PDR value delivers around 40 to 50% for varying nodes and packets. In contrast, the delay decreases from 300 to 100 ms and 150 to 50 ms with an increase in the number of nodes and packets, respectively. Furthermore, the overhead changes from 1 to 3 for various nodes and packet values. The outcome of this research proves that the black hole attack degrades the overall performance of the network, while the D_BH_AODV enhances the QoS performance since it detects the black hole nodes and avoids them to establish the communication between nodes.

The world’s population is growing rapidly, and population management processes have become much more complex. The world’s population lives mainly in cities, and naturally, the governance processes in cities are increasing. For efficient process management, researchers are now proposing smart city concepts. According to this concept, research work is being carried out in several directions. One of these areas is an intelligent transport system. This research paper discusses the scientific work performed in intelligent transport systems, including concepts, capabilities, Internet of Things of vehicles, organization of information, and communication processes. The operating frequency ranges, network parameters, and applications are considered. The final part of the paper presents a proposal for creating an intelligent parking system and outlines some promising work that can be done in this area. This paper is intended for researchers who plan to explore important aspects of intelligent transportation systems and help them in their future endeavors.

Internet of Things grew rapidly over the last few years, the focus on security has not been kept up. In today’s world, smart city has developed as a contemporary paradigm to dynamically optimize the resources in cities and serve better facilities and excellence of life for the citizens. In this paper, a model is proposed using Advanced Encryption Standard-256 and Secure Hashing Algorithm-256 to attain the security in the IoT system. The data collected from devices is first encrypted using AES-256 with a symmetric key that has been created by using SHA-256 and finally the ciphertext is created. Now, this ciphertext is added to a new layer of security called Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol, which is an ISO standard (ISO/IEC PRF 20922) publish-subscribe based model used for the secure transmission of data. On the receiver side, the original data is extracted. In this way, three- layer security has been added to data collected by smart objects before transmission.