Rural Romania faces many problems, the main one being depopulation. In general, young adults frequently choose to migrate to urban centers or leave the country entirely to satisfy economic and/or social aspirations. The aim of this study is to identify intractable issues that inhibit rural development and to identify actionable solutions. In this regard, a questionnaire was developed and administered at the local level. The results obtained were analyzed with the SPSS Statistical Program, with the Pearson Chi-square, and Cramer and Pearson coefficients were determined. The answers obtained from applying the questionnaire made it possible to identify the causes that inhibit the sustainable development of rural areas. It can be considered that a solution that could lead to the sustainable development of the rural areas from Romania would be represented by the development of a digital tool that would create a synergy between local authorities, researchers and the private sector. In order to be able to solve these problems, the Government of Romania should provide the necessary funds to local authorities, depending on the needs identified through the digital instrument, acting directly on the aspects that restrain the development of those areas.

The rural area is a basic component from a socio-economic point of view, being closely linked to the activities that take place in these areas. Normally, Romanian rural localities should show significant differences from one development region to another, being influenced by a number of factors (geographical positioning, the influence of agriculture in the economy, etc.). In this sense, data were collected from the town halls of the localities from Calarasi and Timis counties. The analyzed data were processed by the linear regression method, and the estimation of the evolution of the population was determined using the Vensim simulation program. The paper identifies a pattern in rural localities in Romania that hinders their development, reflected by various socio-economic indicators available in the analyzed localities. The main factor that can change this pattern in rural localities is the influence of local and national decision-makers, who can encourage investment in these areas either through the development of local and national infrastructure or through fiscal measures that encourage the development of quality non-agricultural activities that can generate financial resources and jobs at the local level. Moreover, it is not only the low number of non-agricultural activities that is causing the poor development of rural areas, but rather the low number of economic operators in general and the quality of these types of activities, which in most cases do not have the capacity to create new jobs.

Organic farming is an important objective of the European Commission, translated into the European Green Pact through the Farm to Fork Strategy and the Biodiversity Strategy, with EU member countries having to find solutions to meet the target of at least 25% of agricultural land being used for organic cultivation by 2030. The aim for Romania can be achieved by modelling the distribution of crops in terms of cultivated areas and production yields obtained in organic and conventional systems according to the population size. Applying quantitative and qualitative analysis of EUROSTAT data for the above-mentioned indicators, the geomean function, linear programming, and the simplex method were used, depending on the set objectives. To demonstrate that organic farming can be sustainable and in line with the three pillars of sustainability, economic, social and environmental, we related the agricultural area to the population of Romania to highlight the average annual growth rate for the 2020–2030 tine horizon. The results showed an increase in agricultural area per capita of 0.708 ha (4.91%), compared to 0.69 ha as the average for the period 2012–2020, which correlated with organic production yields 32% lower than conventional agriculture. Through modelling, the reduction in organic farm yield was found to be less than or equal to the increase in area per capita, thus reaching the proposed target. The results of this study have long-term implications for supporting the transition to organic farming in the sense that the study argues that reaching the target of 25% of agricultural land that can enter organic farming is in line with the sustainability trilogy. The approach used can be followed and replicated according to national agricultural policies.

This study aims to assess the quantitative and, above all, the qualitative potential of the agricultural labour force in Romania. In the first part of this paper, analyses will be carried out on the agricultural labour force to identify the potential of countries that attach particular importance to the subject studied and the inter-relationships between them, where agriculture is a major employer. In the second part of the paper, an empirical analysis of labour force statistics will be carried out to assess its potential, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Finally, we want to determine the influence of certain population characteristics on the qualitative potential of the labour force. The bibliometric analysis provides a historical, contextual and evolutionary perspective on previous research and problematic factors in the field, linking the “agricultural labour force” to other issues such as climate change, economic growth, sustainability, education and income. It provides a comprehensive framework and links between the various elements influencing the agricultural sector, strengthening the understanding of the interconnections between labour force and other key variables in the sector.

Increasing agricultural production systems' resilience and sustainable development is essential to cope with climate change, natural resource degradation, and economic vulnerability. The study aims to identify and assess methods, strategies, and policies that can increase the capacity of production systems to cope with current challenges and promote sustainable agricultural practices that support food security and environmental quality. To achieve the proposed objective, several indicators of agricultural production, economic efficiency, policy, and governance, etc., will be analyzed—indicators that reflect the performance of agricultural systems in the North-East Region, and allow for an assessment of their resilience and sustainability. The research methodology is based on the following methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, time-series analysis, and regression methods. The study contributes to the assessment and continuous monitoring of progress towards the goals of resilience and sustainable development of agricultural production systems in the North-East Region. The information base provided by the analyzed indicators contributes to the development of recommendations to promote the transition towards more sustainable agricultural practices and to support farmers in adopting resilient technologies and practices.

In the current context of global demographic developments, there are concerns about the growth of the world's population relative to available resources, as well as concerns about climate change on a national and global scale and poverty as a factor holding back a nation's economic prosperity. The study aims to present a multitude of statistical indicators of human development and labour resources in agriculture in order to facilitate both the analysis of the current situation and the shaping of appropriate trends in agricultural labour resources. Statistical data as well as specific documentary sources are used for the study and the methodological approach will be from demographic, economic, social, technological and environmental perspectives. The major findings showed that labour resources in agriculture of the two countries are facing similar major challenges, and their increasing or decreasing trends are influenced by the same determinants.