Weigh-in-motion (WIM) sensors allow the control of vehicle weights without disruption of traffic. WIM systems bring very important savings by traffic monitoring and by reducing the number of overloaded vehicles. This paper discusses the present status and developmental trends of Haigh-speed weigh-in-motion (HS-WIM) technologies. Both commercial and new types of WIM sensors are presented. Strengths and weaknesses of different type of WIM sensors are discussed, as well as the economic aspects of the different technologies. Possible future developments of WIM technologies concerning the measurement performance are also described.

In last decade, the overloaded trucks increase in countries with weak infrastructure, for examples in Indonesia the percentage of overloaded trucks is more than 60% [1]. To prevent this violation of the country regulations was developed weigh-in-motion (WIM) network stations. For France and not only, the network of WIM stations improved traffic safety, fair competition between transportation companies and infrastructure lifetime [2]. The WIM station is able to determine: the type of the vehicle, the gross weight of the vehicle, the load on each axle, vehicle’s speed and so on. The most common sensors used for obtain data information are strain gauges force sensors and piezoelectric sensors. In this paper will be analyzed the main advantages and disadvantages of each type of sensors used for WIM stations.

Automotive air conditioning systems improve passenger comfort and safety while keeping pace with changing environmental and technological requirements. This review evaluates the historical development, technological progress, and future trends of automotive air conditioning systems, primarily focusing on passenger vehicles, where cabin comfort and individualized thermal control are essential. The analysis examines the transition from early, energy-intensive cooling systems typically operating at a coefficient of performance (COP) of around 1.5 to modern, environmentally friendly alternatives that achieve COP values of approximately 3.0 or higher, highlighting the impact of regulatory measures such as the Kigali Amendment. A particular focus is placed on comparing refrigerants, especially the transition from HFC-134a to HFO-1234yf, with a discussion of their ecological impact and compliance with regulations. Innovative technologies, including adsorption cooling, AI-enhanced climate control, and the integration of renewable energy, are being explored as potential solutions to current challenges. Initially, 121 articles were reviewed, with 84 chosen for detailed examination based on their relevance, methodological soundness, and contributions to the field. The results reveal the trade-offs among efficiency, cost, and sustainability, highlighting the need for ongoing innovation to balance energy usage and environmental stewardship. Future studies should focus on creating refrigerants with extremely low global warming potential, improving battery efficiency in electric vehicles, and utilizing AI for tailored climate control. By tackling these issues, the automotive sector can offer more sustainable and efficient air conditioning options that align with consumer expectations and environmental regulations.

This paper aims to dismiss the popular belief that speed bumps reduce the vehicle speeds or reduce the braking distance. In recent years, the implementation of speed bumps on public roads in Romania has increased. The correct understanding of the role of the speed bump has been misunderstood by the Romanian authorities who use them to slow down traffic on highly used roads. More advanced countries in the segment of traffic controlling and traffic safety have special rules for speed humps and speed bumps. This paper is concerned with the theoretical and experimental study of the performance of the vehicle in emergency braking when passing over such a speed bump. The theoretical study is done by using mathematic formulas and the experimental study is done by using a real car and testing it’s braking distance in normal weather on a dry road that has a speed bump implemented. The study shows the influence of the induced forces from the speed bump in the car dynamics, once because of the low adhesion surface of a worn out speed bump and secondly because of the changes in normal force on the wheel after passing over the hump, the influence of the suspension loading is also backed up by the Tr. Ori study.