Vegetable peas are by far the most widely used among the main vegetable legumes. Due to its high nutritional value, it has an important food value and is cultivated almost everywhere. High nutritional qualities of vegetable peas are determined by the content of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, as well as macro– and microelements. Pea protein is popular due to its affordable price compared to animal protein. The value of pea protein is determined by its amino acid composition and its high balance, especially valuable amino acids that are not synthesized in animals and humans.The article discusses the nutritional value of vegetable peas (green beans; fresh, frozen and canned vegetable peas; dry seeds); the content of water-soluble protein, amino acid composition, the content of macro- and microelements in the seeds of vegetable peas of FSBSI FSVC selection varieties; the quality of green peas as raw materials for canning, depending on the type of seeds and the structure of starch grains; requirements for the quality of raw vegetable peas for canning; seedlings and microgreens as useful and nutritious products for fresh consumption; medicinal properties of vegetable peas; varieties of vegetable peas for various uses.

Relevance. Therefore, at present, varieties with an average seed size are used for the production of canned "green peas". In this regard, it is important to create varieties with a mass of 1000 seeds less than 150 g for the production of premium canned food.Methods. The object of research was the lines of hybrids of vegetable peas of different ripeness groups with a low weight of 1000 seeds.Results. At the initial stage of the work, plants with a low mass of 1000 seeds and green cotyledons were selected and brought to constant lines over several years. Over the years of sampling, the weather conditions were with sharp changes in temperature and precipitation. This made it possible to single out samples with low variability of the selected characters based on the totality of characters. In 2018-2019, the selected lines were studied according to the characteristics of productivity and manufacturability during the period of technical ripeness in the nursery of competitive variety testing of vegetable peas. To determine the duration of the technical ripeness period and its relationship with the yield, the green peas were harvested in three periods, starting with the minimum density indicators (34-35 units) and with an interval of three days. When determining the fractional composition of green peas, sample 4.12 was isolated, which received the varietal name Smaylik. Green peas of this variety had a fairly high uniformity and small grain diameter with a predominance of fractions of 5-8.5 mm and 8.6-9.9 mm. Sample 12.12 was close to Smaylik in its performance. According to the results of competitive variety testing, the Smaylik variety in 2019 was transferred to the State variety testing of the Russian Federation.

Over the years, breeders around the world have made significant changes to the architecture of plants of vegetable pea varieties. The changes made were aimed at increasing, first of all, the yield. New varieties should have an optimal combination of plant height, the number of productive nodes and increased resistance to lodging. Having achieved certain results, breeders find ways to improve the culture, further improving its economically valuable features. The article highlights the priority directions in the selection of vegetable peas in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center»(FSBSI FSVC), which are directly related to modern market requirements, and considers the specific factors encountered in breeding work, in the production sector and seed practice. Within the framework of import substitution and the achievement of food security of the country, the scientists of the center are intensively working to create new generation varieties: highly productive (by increasing the number of beans at the node and the number of seeds in the bean), suitable for mechanized harvesting (by obtaining appropriate morphotypes with increased stem strength or modified leaf shape) and with high quality indicators of green peas. There is also a constant selection for resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors that have been changing in recent years, both in the country and around the world. The article presents the main achievements obtained thanks to the experience and knowledge of the leading breeders of the center, specialists in seed production and production, as well as specialists in the field of plant immunity. Thus, selectively valuable forms with high productivity (up to 30 beans and more than 150 seeds per plant) were obtained, a variety with high resistance to lodging due to the strength of the stem was obtained. Work is underway to create varieties with high quality green peas and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Relevance. Among vegetable crops beans are leaders in terms of protein and essential amino acids, rich in vitamins, carbohydrates, organic acids, biologically active compounds and microelements, they are classified as functional nutrition. Beans can also be very relevant for modern ecological farming systems. The achievements of domestic selection in this culture are modest. Only 16 varieties of vegetable beans have been included in the State Register of breeding achievements approved for using in 2019; 3 of them (19%) from the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center.The purpose of the work is to create a new midseason high-yielding variety of vegetable beans.Materials and methods. Studies were carried out from 2008 to 2018 on breeding fields of the FSBSI “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” (Moscow Region, Odintsovo District). We studied samples of vegetable beans from the world collection of VIR and Federal Scientific Vegetable Center for quantitative and qualitative characteristics.Results. As a result selection work for many years, a new mid-season high-yielding variety of vegetable beans with light seeds and a light seed scar has been created. Hybridization was carried out by step crossing in 2009 followed by multiple individual selection. The surface of the beans is smooth, the color in the technical stage of ripeness is green. Seeds are light, egg shaped, have a light scar. The variety has a complex resistance to major diseases. According to the results of the competitive variety testing of 2016 - 2018, a new variety of Russkie belye vegetable beans was transferred to the State variety testing, and in 2019 it successfully passed an expert assessment.

Исследования проводили на базе лаборатории селекции и семеноводства бобовых культур ФГБНУ ФНЦО (Московская область) в 2013-2017 годы. В исследования включены 22 сортообразца гороха овощного, различающиеся длиной вегетационного периода и массой 1000 семян. Посев проводили в оптимальный срок, повторность опыта четырехкратная. Норма высева 100-110 семян на 1 м2. Отбор семян четырехкратный по каждой делянке. Признак «масса 1000 семян» определяет крупность зерна и является ключевым в производстве консервов «зеленый горошек». С увеличением крупности зерен снижается товарность продукции, повышается расход семян на посев, существенно снижается коэффициент размножения, что приводит к удорожанию продукции. Поэтому сорта с массой 1000 семян 200-220 г используют в основном для заморозки. Консервная промышленность в настоящее время использует сорта, характеризующиеся средними размерами зерен (7-10 мм) и массой 1000 семян менее 200 г, перспективны сорта с массой 100-140 г. Для ускорения селекционного процесса по созданию сортов с заданными параметрами необходим детальный анализ признаков продуктивности исходного материала, в частности, массы 1000 семян, так как образцы со средним размером (160-200 г) имеют невысокий коэффициент фенотипической изменчивости и зависят от взаимодействия генотипа и среды, но реакция каждого генотипа на среду специфична. В работу следует включать образцы с наименьшим коэффициентом изменчивости. При работе с мелкосемянными образцами следует учитывать средний уровень фенотипической изменчивости и при включении их в селекционный процесс увеличивать выборку отбора.

Relevance . The development and implementation of green pea varieties developed at the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVС) is aimed at reducing the domestic market's dependence on imported seed material, increasing gross yields of high-quality produce, and, consequently, strengthening the country's food sovereignty. Key areas of focus: improving raw material quality (organoleptic and technological properties of green peas); ensuring the suitability of varieties for fully mechanized harvesting; enhancing resistance to biotic (diseases) and abiotic (drought, waterlogging) stress; and consistently increasing yields. Methods . Classical breeding methods were used to develop the new varieties. The main focus of garden pea breeding is the development of shelling varieties adapted for various processing methods (canning, freezing, drying), fresh consumption, and microgreen cultivation. Results. New varieties, including Korsar, Gerkules, Egorka, and Barin, have been developed and introduced into production and are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation. Promising varieties, Smailik and Vira, are currently undergoing state variety testing. A breeding stock has been established, yielding highly productive lineage material for developing late-ripening varieties. Conclusion . The developed varieties possess unique economically valuable traits. The Smailik and Egorka varieties feature small seeds suitable for premium canning applications and a long technical maturity phase, allowing for flexible harvesting planning. Vira boasts comprehensive lodging resistance (up to 80%) due to the high mechanical strength of the stem. Korsar, Gerkules, and Barin – early ripening, high quality, and high yield, available in various maturity groups. Vira and Barin – large grains, suitable for freezing.