Vegetable peas are by far the most widely used among the main vegetable legumes. Due to its high nutritional value, it has an important food value and is cultivated almost everywhere. High nutritional qualities of vegetable peas are determined by the content of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, as well as macro– and microelements. Pea protein is popular due to its affordable price compared to animal protein. The value of pea protein is determined by its amino acid composition and its high balance, especially valuable amino acids that are not synthesized in animals and humans.The article discusses the nutritional value of vegetable peas (green beans; fresh, frozen and canned vegetable peas; dry seeds); the content of water-soluble protein, amino acid composition, the content of macro- and microelements in the seeds of vegetable peas of FSBSI FSVC selection varieties; the quality of green peas as raw materials for canning, depending on the type of seeds and the structure of starch grains; requirements for the quality of raw vegetable peas for canning; seedlings and microgreens as useful and nutritious products for fresh consumption; medicinal properties of vegetable peas; varieties of vegetable peas for various uses.

Relevance. Onion is a valuable food crop, which is due to its chemical composition, taste and medicinal qualities. As part of the strategy to ensure food security and independence of Russia in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to increase the production of vegetable products, including onions, and for this it is necessary to increase the production of domestic seeds. Seed production is an important branch of agriculture, which consists in the planned reproduction of zoned varieties. Unlike commodity production, it is a more labor-intensive industry and requires regular improvement of existing technologies that take into account the specifics of new varieties and hybrids.Materials and methods. The object is onion (Allium сера L.). Research material: new varieties of spring onion Primo and Ampex of selection of FSBSI FSVC. The studies were conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the North Caucasus branch of the FSBSI FSVC. Laboratory and field experiments were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The area of the accounting plot is 5m² , the repetition is 4-fold, with a randomized arrangement of options.Results and discussions. Different planting dates of uterine bulbs, their diameter, standing density, planting depth, significantly affected the qualitative and quantitative indicators of seed productivity of onion plants of Primo and Ampex varieties. The results obtained made it possible to modify and optimize individual elements of varietal technologies of onion seed production. To create the best conditions for the growth and development of seed plants of Ampex and Primo varieties and to obtain high yields of high-quality seeds in the conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus, it is recommended to: use queen bulbs of 8 cm in size, organize the planting of queen bulbs in the first decade of November, use a scheme for planting queen onions: 75x10 cm, use a planting depth of 15 cm. With this technology, the productivity of plant seeds reaches 6-8 g in the Ampex variety and 5-7 g in the Primo variety, and the yield of conditioned seeds is 520-580 kg/ha and 450-600 kg/ha, respectively.

Relevance. Therefore, at present, varieties with an average seed size are used for the production of canned "green peas". In this regard, it is important to create varieties with a mass of 1000 seeds less than 150 g for the production of premium canned food.Methods. The object of research was the lines of hybrids of vegetable peas of different ripeness groups with a low weight of 1000 seeds.Results. At the initial stage of the work, plants with a low mass of 1000 seeds and green cotyledons were selected and brought to constant lines over several years. Over the years of sampling, the weather conditions were with sharp changes in temperature and precipitation. This made it possible to single out samples with low variability of the selected characters based on the totality of characters. In 2018-2019, the selected lines were studied according to the characteristics of productivity and manufacturability during the period of technical ripeness in the nursery of competitive variety testing of vegetable peas. To determine the duration of the technical ripeness period and its relationship with the yield, the green peas were harvested in three periods, starting with the minimum density indicators (34-35 units) and with an interval of three days. When determining the fractional composition of green peas, sample 4.12 was isolated, which received the varietal name Smaylik. Green peas of this variety had a fairly high uniformity and small grain diameter with a predominance of fractions of 5-8.5 mm and 8.6-9.9 mm. Sample 12.12 was close to Smaylik in its performance. According to the results of competitive variety testing, the Smaylik variety in 2019 was transferred to the State variety testing of the Russian Federation.

Over the years, breeders around the world have made significant changes to the architecture of plants of vegetable pea varieties. The changes made were aimed at increasing, first of all, the yield. New varieties should have an optimal combination of plant height, the number of productive nodes and increased resistance to lodging. Having achieved certain results, breeders find ways to improve the culture, further improving its economically valuable features. The article highlights the priority directions in the selection of vegetable peas in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center»(FSBSI FSVC), which are directly related to modern market requirements, and considers the specific factors encountered in breeding work, in the production sector and seed practice. Within the framework of import substitution and the achievement of food security of the country, the scientists of the center are intensively working to create new generation varieties: highly productive (by increasing the number of beans at the node and the number of seeds in the bean), suitable for mechanized harvesting (by obtaining appropriate morphotypes with increased stem strength or modified leaf shape) and with high quality indicators of green peas. There is also a constant selection for resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors that have been changing in recent years, both in the country and around the world. The article presents the main achievements obtained thanks to the experience and knowledge of the leading breeders of the center, specialists in seed production and production, as well as specialists in the field of plant immunity. Thus, selectively valuable forms with high productivity (up to 30 beans and more than 150 seeds per plant) were obtained, a variety with high resistance to lodging due to the strength of the stem was obtained. Work is underway to create varieties with high quality green peas and resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Исследования проводили на базе лаборатории селекции и семеноводства бобовых культур ФГБНУ ФНЦО (Московская область) в 2013-2017 годы. В исследования включены 22 сортообразца гороха овощного, различающиеся длиной вегетационного периода и массой 1000 семян. Посев проводили в оптимальный срок, повторность опыта четырехкратная. Норма высева 100-110 семян на 1 м2. Отбор семян четырехкратный по каждой делянке. Признак «масса 1000 семян» определяет крупность зерна и является ключевым в производстве консервов «зеленый горошек». С увеличением крупности зерен снижается товарность продукции, повышается расход семян на посев, существенно снижается коэффициент размножения, что приводит к удорожанию продукции. Поэтому сорта с массой 1000 семян 200-220 г используют в основном для заморозки. Консервная промышленность в настоящее время использует сорта, характеризующиеся средними размерами зерен (7-10 мм) и массой 1000 семян менее 200 г, перспективны сорта с массой 100-140 г. Для ускорения селекционного процесса по созданию сортов с заданными параметрами необходим детальный анализ признаков продуктивности исходного материала, в частности, массы 1000 семян, так как образцы со средним размером (160-200 г) имеют невысокий коэффициент фенотипической изменчивости и зависят от взаимодействия генотипа и среды, но реакция каждого генотипа на среду специфична. В работу следует включать образцы с наименьшим коэффициентом изменчивости. При работе с мелкосемянными образцами следует учитывать средний уровень фенотипической изменчивости и при включении их в селекционный процесс увеличивать выборку отбора.