This paper explores the role of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the context of unemployment, competitiveness, and challenges. SMEs play a crucial role in economies worldwide, particularly in creating employment opportunities and contributing to economic growth. However, they face significant challenges such as global competition, limited access to resources and technology, and regulatory burdens. This study aims to analyze how these factors impact SMEs, their ability to compete in domestic and international markets, and their role in mitigating unemployment. By examining case studies and empirical data, the research seeks to provide insights into strategies for enhancing SME competitiveness and addressing unemployment through supportive policies and innovation.

Any company that does business in the international market is managed primarily profit before start implementing this particular job, it is primarily a real calculation of the job and it is economic justification in the form of profits. When exercising the economic interests abroad, primarily to be taken into account on the Rights of both sides - both buyers and sellers, taking into account the presence of competition. Foreign trade is more exposed to risks than domestic trade and so the rule is that every job done with these types of insurance or by some bank guarantees, i.e. the risk that the transaction in some way provide. International rating agencies awarded, as the Republic of Serbia and other countries in the region, the ratings for long-term borrowing so that in this paper will be analyzed the risk of doing business in the Republic of Serbia.

Insurance distribution channels are key factors in the value chain of insurance companies. With the development of digital technology, distribution channels have taken on different forms, so new ways of distribution appear in insurance sales, such as mobile applications, websites of insurance companies, aggregators, etc. With the development of technology, new methods and new techniques appear for collecting and processing data and for detecting fraud. Digitalisation has direct impact on the operations of insurance companies. This paper work also analyzes the online insurance sales in Serbia, as well as the perspective of implementation of modern insurance distribution channels in the future. The analysis covers the period 2019-2023. The research showed that online insurance sales in Serbia are growing, but its share in total insurance sales is still negligible.

The paper analyzes the development, functioning mechanisms and prospects of social bonds as an innovative financial instrument aimed at achieving measurable social impact. Social bonds are based on a results-based financing model, in which private capital is mobilized for the implementation of projects of public importance, while the return on investment is paid only if predefined social outcomes are achieved. The paper discusses the key characteristics of social bonds, their advantages and limitations, with an analysis of international experiences and the implementation of different models. Special emphasis is placed on institutional prerequisites, the quality of performance measurement, the distribution of risks between actors and the importance of transparent evaluation. Through a review of available case studies, examples of the application of social bonds in the areas of employment of vulnerable groups, education, social protection and public health are presented. The findings suggest that social bonds can contribute to more efficient and sustainable financing of social policies, but their success depends on the regulatory framework, institutional capacity and the quality of available data. The paper provides a basis for assessing the feasibility of applying this instrument in developing countries and provides guidelines for future research.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the financial sustainability and marketing strategies of sports associations in Belgrade, with a particular focus on the differences among various types of associations. The research includes four associations: the Sports Association of Belgrade, the Sports Association of Persons with Disabilities of Belgrade, the Belgrade Association for Preschool Sports and Physical Education, and the Belgrade Athletics Association. Primary data were collected from financial reports available through the Serbian Business Registers Agency (APR), while marketing activities were analyzed using secondary sources and available promotional materials. The methodological approach includes ratio analysis of liquidity and profitability, comparative analysis of marketing practices, and assessment of their interrelation. The results indicate significant differences in financial stability and the level of development of marketing strategies among the associations, with those having greater financial capacity demonstrating a more structured marketing approach. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the challenges and perspectives in financial and marketing management of sports associations, emphasizing the importance of an integrated approach for long-term sustainability and organizational recognition.

Energy security is most commonly defined through the prism of a state's energy dependence. In practice, it represents the actual relationship between energy demand and a state’s capacity to either produce that energy domestically or secure it through imports. The strategic goal of any state is to achieve the highest possible degree of energy independence. Geopolitical risks arising from great power competition have shifted the understanding of energy security for energy-dependent nations. The war in Ukraine has triggered numerous changes in the international system, with the most significant challenges spilling over into the energy sector. The energy sector of the Republic of Serbia has been directly affected by these risks. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the primary geopolitical risks to the energy security of the Republic of Serbia, considering the country's specificities regarding its energy balance, energy needs, and its approach to maintaining supply stability and reducing system vulnerability. The authors propose a combination of short-term and long-term strategies as the most effective framework for preserving the energy security of the Republic of Serbia. Short-term strategies must include the optimization of logistical flows, efficient management of strategic reserves, and flexible procurement contracts to ensure system resilience against external shocks...