Ultrasonic and microwave extraction process has great prospects to convert food and agricultural waste from food industries to value-added goods. Also, this review extensively elaborates the utilization of ultrasonication and microwave extraction (US-MW) process for valorization of dairy waste extracted proteins into novel foods. Both of these extraction and processing techniques are considered as green technologies when compared with the other conventional or chemical extraction and processing techniques. Further, this review also explains the impact of US-MW alone and in combination on the dairy waste proteins extraction, nutritional and techno-functional attributes of these dairy-waste proteins. The review also highlights the economic and cost-effective benefits of US-MW processes for extracting the proteins from dairy waste, indicating their feasibility and sustainability. The review also elucidated the synergistic utilization of US-MW extraction as a viable processing technique in extraction or production of bioactive compounds like dairy proteins. In conclusion, this review elucidates the US-MW, both individually and in synergy as a viable source of dairy waste proteins extraction and their application in functional foods. Moreover, in accordance to the latest developments and future prospects at pilot and commercial level to assess the practicability of synergistic use of US-MW extraction in bioenergy production from food wastes other than dairy waste for extraction and production of biodiesel, hydrogen, green methane, and ethanol.

Plant-based essential oils are hydrophobic, volatile concentrate extracted from aromatic plants. They are the upcoming alternative and appealing source of antimicrobial compounds, citral (major constituent of lemongrass oil) being one of them, whose antiquorum sensing, in vivo delivery, and insecticidal potential need further exploration. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent, clinically lethal pathogens, which is resistible toward various treatments because of the inherent resistance acquired by the organism to many classes of drugs (multidrug resistant (MDR)). Moreover, fruit flies have been considered as the vectors of potentially lethal and opportunistic pathogens, including multiantibiotic-resistant microbes. As a result, controlling both the pathogen and its host vector are of utmost importance. The present study focused on the efficacy of essential oil of citral (EOC) and its nanoencapsulated form on quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and its insecticidal activity against Drosophila melanogaster. Chitosan-based citral nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Citral nanoparticles at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) exhibited QSI potential by attenuating biofilm formation (p-value0.05), while insecticidal activity of citral tested against D. melanogaster demonstrated toxicity of the EOC at a concentration of 35. Hence, the results elucidated the prospects of citral nanoparticles in the delivery of citral, which can be applied as a strategy to specifically target clinically lethal pathogens, major insect pests, and associated microbes.