Herein, the quality and accuracy to manufacture delicate parts from NiTi powder using electron beam powder bed fusion (EB‐PBF) technology is investigated. Therefore, benchmarks with thin cylinders and thin walls are designed and fabricated using two distinct scan strategies of EB‐PBF manufacturing (i.e., continuous melting and spot melting) with different process parameter sets. After these optimizations, four different lattice structures (i.e., octahedron, cell gyroid, sheet gyroid, and channel) are manufactured and characterized. It is shown both continuous melting and spot melting modes are able to manufacture lattices with relative densities over 97%. And as‐built lattice structures exhibit an excellent pseudoelasticity up to 8% depending on the design of the structure, e.g., the channel structure shows more deformation recoverability than the cell gyroid. This is attributed to the integrity of geometry as well as compressive mode of the mechanical loading. Of course, the compressive strength and ultimate compressive strength also increase with the increasing volume fraction. Moreover, the spot melting can be used as an engineering tool to customize a delicate beam‐shaped structure with a superior pseudoelasticity.

The concept of Circular Economy (CE) has evolved rapidly over the past decade, yet its macroeconomic interpretation remains constrained by narrow, recycling-centric definitions of circularity which ignores higher-value strategies like maintenance, repair, refurbishment, and remanufacturing enabling prolonged use and reuse of assets. This study critically examines prevailing circularity metrics, particularly the “circular material use rate” often used as a measure of “circularity” and explores how global resource flows and stocks relate to economic value creation, expressed as gross domestic product (GDP). Using a mixed-methods approach that combines global material flow data with macroeconomic analysis, the study shows that while the commonly reported circularity rate is about 9%, correcting for non-recoverable materials reveals a “real” circularity of approximately 27%. However, even this higher circularity corresponds to only about 1.4% of global GDP, highlighting the limited economic impact of recycling-centric approaches. The analysis further demonstrates that nearly two-thirds of GDP is generated through the use and management of existing material stocks and assets, practices that already align with core circular economy principles. The study thus proposes an essential change in the assessment framework that: (a) replaces annual input-based metrics with economic value creation as the primary indicator, (b) integrates stock utilization efficiency as a core circularity measure and (c) recommends new policy targets focused on value retention and reuse rather than mere material recovery. These findings call for an essential shift in circular economy assessment and policy, from counting recycled materials to optimizing economic resilience through intelligent stock management and service-based value creation.

Electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF‐EB) is used to manufacture dense nickel titanium parts using various parameter sets, including the beam current, scan speed, and postcooling condition. The density of manufactured NiTi parts is investigated in relation to the linear energy input. The results imply that the part density increases with increasing linear energy density to over 98% of the bulk density. With a constant energy input, a combination of low power and low scan speed leads to denser parts. This is attributed to lower electrostatic repulsive forces from lower number density of the impacting electrons. After manufacturing, the densest parts with distinct parameter sets are categorized into three groups: 1) high power with high scan speed and vacuum slow cooling, 2) low power with low scan speed and vacuum slow cooling, and 3) low power with low scan speed and medium cooling rate in helium gas. Among these, a faster cooling rate suppresses phase transformation temperatures, while vacuum cooling combinations do not affect the phase transformation temperatures significantly. Herein, all the printed parts exhibit almost 8% pseudoelasticity regardless of the process parameters, while the parts cooled in helium have a higher energy dissipation efficiency (1 − η), which implies faster damping of oscillations.