The biological activity of extracts from Cirsium heterophyllum leaves is of interest. Traditional medicine and preliminary studies indicate that this raw material may have the potential for anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of an aqueous extract of Cirsium heterophyllum leaves. We studied the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts of Cirsium heterophyllum leaves harvested in Vasilyevka village, Perm district, Perm territory (kray), Russia. The extracts were standardized for the content of flavonoids in terms of cynaroside. To study the anti-inflammatory activity, we used carrageenan-induced paw edema model in outbred ICR (CD-1) mice and outbred Wistar rats. Diclofenac was used as a reference drug. The test substances were dissolved in a 2% starch solution and injected intraperitoneally to the animals. The paw volume was measured hydrometrically and photometrically. The study has shown that the aqueous extracts of Cirsium heterophyllum have a mild effect compared to diclofenac. In mice, the percentage of inhibition of edema at the 4th hour was 19% (p-value = 0.0310) and 20% (p-value = 0.0130) for photometry and hydrometry, respectively. In rats, the percentage of edema inhibition was 47% (p-value = 0.0300) at the 1st hour and 28.7% (p-value = 0.0170) at 3 hours for hydrometry; photometry did not confirm these results. The results suggest that the aqueous extract of Cirsium heterophyllum has a mild activity in comparison with diclofenac, which may be due to the mutual action of the extract substances when applied intraperitoneally, as well as the presence of polysaccharides in the aqueous extract. Further research is required to determine whether the anti-inflammatory activity of its aqueous extract might be better combined with wound healing effects when applied topically.

The purpose of this work is to assess the quality of Siberian fir essential oil samples in accordance with the requirements of GOST ISO 10869-2015, as well as to assess antimicrobial activity. The objects of the study were various industrial samples, as well as a sample obtained at Perm pharmaceutical academy from fir paws, a raw material harvested in the Okhansky district of the Perm Territory. According to the research, all samples meet the requirements for consistency and color; a number of samples have the smell of technical fluid; all samples, except for own sample, have a relative density lower than indicated in GOST; the refractive index is underestimated in several samples; some samples in the composition have components that do not dissolve in ethyl alcohol in the ratio proposed by GOST; all samples comply with GOST in terms of acid number and do not contain ethyl alcohol impurities; a number of samples have unacceptable impurities of fatty and mineral oils. According to the study of the chromatographic profile, all the requirements for the ratio of substances and percentage could be met by an oil sample from Evalar. It should also be noted that own sample contains the largest amount of bornyl acetate. The studied samples have high antibacterial activity against the studied strain of Staphylococcus aureus, low antibacterial activity against the studied strain of Escherichia coli, a number of samples have a moderately pronounced antifungal activity against the studied strain of C. albicans. It is necessary to revise the existing regulatory documentation, as well as more stringent quality control of essential oils sold in the pharmaceutical and perfumery markets.

The aim of this work is development and validation of a spectrophotometric technique for quantification of total flavonoids in terms of rutin in potentially medicinal plant Anthemis tinctoria herb. According to the literature, Anthemis tinctoria is used in folk medicine as a hepatoprotective, hemostatic and means, and its extracts in the experiment exhibit antimicrobial, cytostatic and antioxidant activities. In this work, we used sample of Anthemis tinctoria herb harvested in the summer of 2021 during the period of mass flowering in vicinity of Perm city (valley of the Vasilievka river, Adishchevo railway station). The raw materials were dried at room temperature, with sufficient ventilation, without direct exposure to sunlight, stored separately from other types of raw materials. According to the experiments the optimal conditions for determining of total flavonoids: grinding the raw material to a size passing through a sieve with a diameter of 1 mm, the optimal concentration of ethyl alcohol extractant is 50%, the analytical wavelength is 410 nm, the extraction time in a boiling water bath is 45 minutes, the ratio of extraction and complexing agent - 2% alcohol solution of aluminum chloride - 2:5. The technique was validated in accordance with the requirements of State Pharmacopeia of Russia 14th edition, the relative error of determination with a reliable probability of 95% was 4.00%. The technique can be used in further work to conduct studies of biological activity.

В последние годы наблюдается всплеск интереса к изучению пектиновых веществ в связи с их широким спектром биологических свойств и различными применениями в фармакологии. Пектины используются во многих фармацевтических, косметических, пищевых и биологических целях благодаря своей биосовместимости, биоразлагаемости и нетоксичности. Цель работы – оценка сорбционной активности пектиновых веществ травы буквицы лекарственной (Betonica officinalis L.). Образец травы буквицы лекарственной собраны в середине июля 2023 года в период цветения в окрестностях г. Кунгур Пермского края. Пектиновые вещества были получены из сырья после выделения водорастворимой фракции по методу Н.К. Кочеткова смесью растворов кислоты щавелевой и аммония оксалата. В результате количественного определения было установлено, что у пектинов травы буквицы лекарственной содержание свободных карбоксильных групп составило 19,81%; содержание метоксилированных карбоксильных групп – 0,39%; общее количество карбоксильных групп – 20,20%; степень метоксилированности карбоксильных групп пектинов – 1,93%. Сорбционную активность оценивали по адаптированной методике, в основе которой лежит метод, предложенный Решетниковым В.И., по изменению светопоглощения раствора метиленового синего после добавления исследуемого сорбента – пектиновых веществ. Определяли максимальное количество мг метиленового синего, способное поглотить 1 г препарата. Пектиновые вещества травы буквицы лекарственной менее активны, чем уголь активированный, но их действие сопоставимо с БАД Зостерин-Ультра через 60 и 120 минут сорбции.

Due to economic conditions, today the purchase of reference materials from abroad is expensive, and domestic production is low and also expensive. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for isolating luteolin from Origanum vulgare (oregano). The raw material for this work was a sample of oregano herb, collected in 2022 in the Perm krai. The herb extract was obtained with 60% ethyl alcohol. The extract is a dark greenish-brown crystalline powder with a specific aromatic odor. Chloroform and hexane were used to purify the dry extract from nonpolar compounds. Diethyl ether was used to extract luteolin. This choice was justified by the fact that chloroform and hexane well remove non-polar, lipophilic compounds contained in the dry extract, and methoxylated aglycone flavonoids can also dissolve in chloroform. Diethyl ether was chosen because only aglycone flavonoids are soluble in it. Separated using a solvent system, butanol – acetic acid – water (4:1:2). The equipment used was a chromatographic column with a diameter of 10 mm, a vacuum pump. In the course of the study, we proposed the following scheme for the separation of substances, divided into 3 stages: 1st stage is purification of dry extract from non-polar (lipophilic) compounds; 2nd stage is extraction of aglycone flavonoid (luteolin) into diethyl ether; 3rd stage is separation of substances that passed into diethyl ether on a chromatographic column. According to the quality control of the progress of work, namely TLC and NMR spectroscopy, one can note the likely suitability of the developed method for the isolation of luteolin from the extract of oregano herb.