In this work, we introduce Sen4AgriNet, a Sentinel-2-based time series multicountry benchmark dataset, tailored for agricultural monitoring applications with machine and deep learning. Sen4AgriNet dataset is annotated from farmer declarations collected via the land parcel identification system (LPIS) for harmonizing country-wide labels. These declarations have only recently been made available as open data, allowing for the first time the labeling of satellite imagery from ground truth data. We proceed to propose and standardize a new crop type taxonomy across Europe that addresses common agriculture policy (CAP) needs, based on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) indicative crop classification scheme. Sen4AgriNet is the only multicountry, multiyear dataset that includes all spectral information. It is constructed to cover the period 2016–2020 for Catalonia and France, while it can be extended to include additional countries. Currently, it contains 42.5 million parcels, which makes it significantly larger than other available archives. We extract two subdatasets to highlight its value for diverse deep learning applications—the object aggregated dataset (OAD) and the patches assembled dataset (PAD). OAD capitalizes zonal statistics of each parcel, thus creating a powerful label-to-features instance for classification algorithms. On the other hand, PAD structure generalizes the classification problem to parcel extraction and semantic segmentation and labeling. The PAD and OAD are examined under three different scenarios to showcase and model the effects of spatial and temporal variability across different years and different countries. ¹

Over the last decade there has been an increasing frequency and intensity of wildfires across the globe, posing significant threats to human and animal lives, ecosystems, and socio-economic stability. Therefore urgent action is required to mitigate their devastating impact and safeguard Earth's natural resources. Robust Machine Learning methods combined with the abundance of high-resolution satellite imagery can provide accurate and timely mappings of the affected area in order to assess the scale of the event, identify the impacted assets and prioritize and allocate resources effectively for the proper restoration of the damaged region. In this work, we create and introduce a machine-learning ready dataset we name FLOGA. This dataset is unique as it comprises of satellite imagery acquired before and after a wildfire event with variable spatial and spectral resolution, and contains a large number of events where the corresponding burnt area ground truth has been annotated by domain experts. FLOGA covers the wider region of Greece, which is characterized by a Mediterranean landscape and climatic conditions. We use FLOGA to provide a thorough comparison of specialized spectral indices as well as multiple Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithms for the automatic extraction of burnt areas, approached as a change detection task. Finally, we propose a novel Deep Learning model, namely BAM-CD. Our benchmark results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique in the automatic extraction of burnt areas, outperforming all other methods in terms of accuracy and robustness. Our dataset and code are publicly available at: https://github.com/Orion-AI-Lab/FLOGA

The digital human resource management (HRM) has attracted considerable attention from practitioners and mass media channels alike, but we still lack an understanding of what kind of institution it ...