The greenhouse is one of the sustainable forms of smart agricultural farming. It is considered as an alternate method to overcome the food crisis which is generated due to high population growth, climate change, and environmental pollution. Although this method supports off-the-season crops within the enclosed area even in severe climatic zones. It has required to efficiently control and manage the crop parameters at greenhouse in a more precise and secure way. The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced smart solutions to automate the greenhouse farming parameters such as plant monitoring, internal atmosphere control, and irrigation control. The survey presents a hierarchy on the major components of IoT-based greenhouse farming. A rigorous discussion on greenhouse farming techniques, IoT-based greenhouse categories, network technologies (cloud/edge computing, IoT protocols, data analytics, sensors) has been presented. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on mobile-based greenhouse applications and IoT applications has been presented to manage the greenhouse farm. Moreover, the success stories and statistical analysis of some agricultural countries have been presented to standardize the IoT-based greenhouse farming. Lastly, the open issues and research challenges related to IoT-enabled greenhouse farming has been presented with state-of-the-art future research directions.

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the most familiar names creating a benchmark and scaling new heights. IoT an indeed future of the communication that has transformed the objects (things) of the real world into smarter devices. With the advent of IoT technology, this decade is witnessing a transformation from traditional agriculture approaches to the most advanced ones. In perspective to the current standing of IoT in agriculture, identification of the most prominent application of IoT-based smart farming i.e. greenhouse has been highlighted and presented a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) in the Greenhouse field. The SLR has been conducted by reviewing the articles published between 2015-2022. This SLR analyses 32 relevant studies, which were selected manually from well-reputed digital databases. The primary objective of this SLR is to conduct state-of-the-art research to analyze and identify the current research trends, opportunities, challenges, and gaps in IoT-based greenhouse farming. A rigorous discussion on IoT-based greenhouse applications, sensors/devices, and communication protocols have been presented. Furthermore, this research also presents an inclusive review of IoT-based greenhouse sensors/devices and communication protocols. Moreover, we have also presented a rigorous discussion on smart greenhouse farming challenges and security issues as well as identified future research directions to overcome these challenges. This research has explained many aspects of the technologies involved in IoT-based greenhouse and proposed network architecture, topology, and platforms. In the end, review results have been summarized by presenting an IoT-based greenhouse farm management taxonomy and attacks taxonomy.