• Hydrometrocolpos is a rare congenital malformation of the female in neonate. • CA 19-9 and CA 125 are widely used as tumor markers, however several benign conditions are also known to increase levels. • Here we report a newborn with hydrometrocolpos due to distal vaginal atresia and elevated serum CA 19-9 and CA 125 levels.

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the etiological distribution and prognosis of newborn infants with hydrops fetalis (HF). Methods: All infants born in our hospital within the past 10 years and hospitalized with the diagnosis of HF were included in this retrospective descriptive study. Demographic characteristics, etiological distributions, treatment interventions, and prognosis information of the infants were recorded retrospectively. Infants with incomplete data were excluded from the study. Results: The mean gestational age of infants with HF was 33.6 +/- 3.1 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 2444 +/- 792 grams. Of the HF cases, 90.5% were born by cesarean section and the prenatal diagnosis rate was 42.9%. About 57.1% of the infants were intubated during resuscitation at birth in the delivery room. In the NICU, 81% of the cases were intubated and 71.4% received surfactant treatment. The most common HF findings were ascites (81%) and subcutaneous edema (81%). The most common interventional procedures were paracentesis (81%) and thoracentesis (52.4%). Exchange transfusion was performed in 2 cases (9.5%) due to immune HF. The mortality rate in the study group was 52.4%. Considering the etiological distribution of HF cases in the study group, three cases were diagnosed with immune HF (14.3%) and 18 cases with non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) (85.7%). The underlying cause in immune HF cases was rhesus incompatibility. In cases with NIHF, idiopathic (23.8%) and cardiovascular diseases were the most common etiologies. A significant relationship was found between delivery room management and mortality. While the need for intubation in delivery room was significantly higher in non-survivors, the frequency of applying only positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room was significantly higher in survivors. While the rate of survival was 66.7% in immune HF cases, it was 44.4% in NIHF cases. Conclusion: The risk of perinatal mortality in infants with HF is high depending on the underlying cause. In this study, it was determined that HF mostly developed for non-immune reasons, prenatal diagnosis and follow-up were insufficient and the interventions performed in the delivery room were an important factor in predicting mortality in the follow-up of neonates with HF.

Background: Antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) therapy is well established for improving respiratory outcomes in early preterm infants; however, its role in late preterm neonates remains controversial because of uncertainties regarding real-world applicability, optimal timing, patient selection, and potential confounding. This study aimed to evaluate the adjusted association between ACS exposure and neonatal respiratory morbidity among late preterm infants. Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study screened 1,786 late preterm births between January 2014 and December 2019. After application of strict eligibility criteria, 265 neonates (14.8%) born at 34⁰/₇ to 36⁶/₇ weeks of gestation were included in the final analysis. Neonates born to mothers who received a complete course of ACS and delivered between 24 h and 7 days after completion of therapy constituted the ACS-exposed group ( n = 112), while those without ACS exposure during the late preterm period constituted the non-exposed group ( n = 153). Respiratory outcomes were classified according to the level and duration of respiratory support. The primary outcome was composite severe respiratory morbidity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted associations. Results: Overall respiratory morbidity was observed less frequently among ACS-exposed neonates. In adjusted analysis including gestational age as completed-week categories, neonates not exposed to ACS had higher odds of composite severe respiratory morbidity compared with ACS-exposed neonates (adjusted OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.11–4.27, p = 0.023). Conclusions: In this retrospective real-world cohort, complete ACS exposure within a defined 24-hour to 7-day ACS-to-delivery interval was associated with lower odds of severe respiratory morbidity among late preterm neonates. Because the analysis included 265 of 1,786 screened late preterm births and focused on neonates with complete ACS exposure within the predefined ACS-to-delivery interval, potential selection bias and limited generalizability should be considered. Given the observational design, gestational age imbalance, maternal comorbidity imbalance, and potential residual confounding, these findings should be interpreted as adjusted associations rather than evidence of a causal effect.