Aim: to highlight current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in children.Key points. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among children has increased significantly over the past three decades. Moreover, these diseases are often characterized by a severe course. At the same time, strategies for diagnosing and treating these patients are being improved: doctors began using high-definition endoscopy and video capsule endoscopy, the determination of fecal calprotectin, biological therapy (infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab) and drug monitoring. Particular attention is paid to the role of dietary recommendations.Conclusion. Currently, there has been significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in children.

The authors present current data on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations of celiac disease in children of different ages, associated diseases, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, diet therapy, additional treatment methods, vaccination, and follow-up of children with celiac disease based on the developed clinical guidelines “Celiac Disease. Children”.

Nowadays the only effective method of celiac disease management and preventing its complications is strict lifelong gluten-free diet. Compliance to it can be considerably difficult. This review provides the analysis of updated data on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with celiac disease on gluten-free diet. Significant impact of extraintestinal symptoms on QoL occurring during nutritional treatment was noted. However, the use of QoL assessment to determine the nutritional treatment efficacy in children with celiac disease has not been sufficiently studied. The need for psychological correction and social adaptation of patients with celiac disease is discussed.

The article provides an analysis of changes in ideas about pathogenetic mechanisms, approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children. Current data on the pathophysiological mechanisms of IBS are presented. Algorithms for the management of children with this pathology are presented, based on the new positions of the Rome IV criteria and Russian recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional disorders of the digestive system in children.

Ultra-processed foods are industrially formulated edible substances that are usually pre-packaged, easy to prepare, high in energy, and low in nutrients. This type of food is common in the Western diet, and numerous studies have confirmed its contribution to non-communicable diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. Ultra-processed foods are thought to affect the body differently, including causing gut microbiome changes. This article reviews the available studies on the effects of ultra-processed foods on the gut microbiota. Future research on the mechanisms by which ultra-processed foods affect the body, including through effects on the gut microbiome, will be important to refine the understanding of their impact on human health. Key words: Western diet, ultra-processed foods, gut microbiota, health

На сегодняшний день в большинстве стран Европы и Северной Америки наблюдается неуклонный рост распространенности воспалительных заболеваний кишечника (ВЗК). Данных о взаимосвязи употребления молочных продуктов и развития ВЗК немного, несмотря на вероятные биологические механизмы, связывающие данные продукты с этиопатогенезом заболевания. Исключение из рациона молочных продуктов обычно связано с возникновением диспепсических симптомов при их употреблении, что может указывать на обострение воспалительного процесса в кишечнике или о наличии лактазной недостаточности. Для пациентов с ВЗК характерна высокая распространенность остеопороза, а ограничение употребления молочных продуктов оказывает еще большее негативное влияние на состояние минеральной плотности костей. В свою очередь, коррекция диетотерапии у пациентов с ВЗК при наличии у них непереносимости молочных продуктов должна быть важной частью процесса лечения и профилактики осложнений заболевания.