El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las narrativas de la publicidad radiofónica en México desde 1991 hasta 2018, para conocer el papel de las voces femeninas y las estructuras que perpetúan estereotipos negativos, a partir del enfoque de género y una herramienta analítica del lenguaje sonoro. El análisis tuvo dos niveles estructurados con categorías específicas: elementos sonoros generales y perspectiva de género. Con una muestra de 313 spots, se encontró que, pese a la evolución en temáticas de género, los modelos desfavorables asociados a la figura de la mujer siguen vigentes, además evidencian una exacerbada exclusión de las voces femeninas como presencias sonoras fundamentales de la vida social.

Despite the advances in gender equality made in Mexico in recent years, on the radio there remains a significant lag in acting against symbolic violence exercised against women; this is reflected, in particular, in the advertising presented on the radio stations of the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico. This study performs an in-depth analysis of the narratives of radio advertising in Mexico from 1991 to 2018 to assess the role of female voices and the structures that perpetuate gender violence. In addition, it seeks to understand how these structures are created and the consequences of their repetition. The analysis was developed in two stages by means of two different matrices: both general sound and with a gender perspective items. Through a sample of 313 spots, it was evident that symbolic violence pertains in force. Although the incursion of women in the processes of radio or advertising within their spaces in Mexico is analysed, no investigation of its impact on the advancement of equity is performed, hence the reason behind the present investigation.

Collective memory is a fundamental part of our formation as individuals within social life. In this category is cinema as an audiovisual document that testifies the changes suffered over time. Its preservation, conservation and access allows us to know and reinterpret ourselves as individuals and society. In Mexico, cinema as an instrument of knowledge and as historical document of time and society, fulfills an essential task of entertainment, communication and expression that would not be possible if it didn't exist institutions such as the Film Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, which is in charge of safeguarding country's film memory. This paper, carried out through a qualitative exploration of documentary material, aims to present the contributions of the Film Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, in Mexico ' s creation and preservation of collective memory and cinematographic culture; as well as to find the points in which its participation as a collective memory of the country has been weakened.

Currently, in Mexico there are 44,861.2 inhabitants in moderate poverty and 10,793.0 in extreme poverty, belonging to these marginalized groups limits access to basic services and generates a gap in access to technologies and audiovisual media that have become, along with the internet, in new ways of entering and interacting in social contexts, as well as joining the workplace. In this context, audiovisual education is presented as a growing need that would reduce the economic fissure of marginalized populations, incorporating them into labor competitiveness. At the same time it becomes an obligation given the rapid evolution of media in analog, digital and virtual environments. With the general objective of analyzing and exposing the relationship between the lack of audiovisual education and poverty in Mexico, this exploratory article makes visible the paradoxes of access to tools that would allow an adequate incorporation of audiovisual education as a way to improve the quality of life and achieve the welfare state.