The Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 is one of the most speciose among Zygoptera. Notwithstanding, most of its species are poorly known, especially those from undersampled areas such as Northeastern Brazil. Here, we describe Heteragrion lencionii sp. nov., from protected areas of Sergipe state (Holotype ♂, Brazil, Sergipe, Areia Branca, Serra de Itabaiana National Park, -10.7484, -37.3390, 179 m, 7.xii.2020, A.B. Farias & A.E. dos Santos leg., in UFS). This is only the second Heteragrion species discovered as new for the Northeastern region of Brazil, separated from other congeners by cercus morphology and thoracic coloration pattern.

Understanding species diversity and distribution cannot be overstated in the development of effective management and biological conservation strategies. Our goal was to address the knowledge gap regarding dragonfly diversity in the northeastern Atlantic Forest, specifically in the Serra of Itabaiana National Park in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. During our study, we recorded 40 species and 969 Odonata individuals across six families and 25 genera. This study contributes 27 new occurrence records of Odonata species in Sergipe, Brazil, highlighting the significance of preserving and protecting the habitats of this region. Our findings provide valuable information on the distribution of dragonfly species in the state of Sergipe and the Northeast region.

The female of Leptagrion jeromei Lencioni, Vilela & Furieri, 2021 is described, illustrated, and diagnosed based on a specimen collected in epiphytic bromeliads at the Federal University of Sergipe (♀ (B0545), BRAZIL, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, -10.92707, -37.10100, 30 m asl, 6.x.2023, A.B.S. Farias & J.C. Santos leg.). Additionally, we provide information on its biology, ecology, and taxonomic notes, along with illustrations of the collected males.

In Brazil, there is a growing body of scientific research focused on odonatofauna, however, some areas remain poorly explored, especially in the northeast region, where the aquatic environments of different ecosystems still have largely unknown faunal compositions. To bridge these knowledge gaps, we aimed to produce a preliminary checklist of the Odonata fauna of the Poxim-Açú River, located in the municipality of São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. We recorded 41 species among the 489 individuals collected, including 9 new genus records and 14 new species records for Sergipe. We present a list of species with illustrations, describe community parameters, and emphasize the importance of conserving natural areas and monitoring disturbed habitats within the Atlantic Forest of Sergipe.

Understanding the factors shaping phenological patterns is essential to unravel species coexistence and biodiversity dynamics. This study investigated the phylogenetic and climatic drivers of reproductive phenology in Myrcia species from the Restingas of the Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil. We monitored the reproductive phenology of nine sympatric Myrcia species for one year and assessed the influence of climatic variables (precipitation and day length) and phylogenetic relatedness using phylogenetic signal metrics and eigenvector regression. Our findings indicate a strong climatic control over reproductive phenology. Flowering predominantly occurred during periods of lower precipitation and longer days, whereas fruiting was concentrated in the rainy season. Day length significantly influenced floral bud and flowering activity, whereas precipitation negatively affected these phases but promoted fruit maturation. Despite the close phylogenetic relationships among species, we found no significant phylogenetic signal in phenological traits, suggesting that reproductive timing is shaped more by environmental factors than by evolutionary history. The lack of phylogenetic conservatism in phenology highlights the role of ecological adaptation in shaping reproductive strategies in this diverse community. Although temporal overlap among species was observed, it did not align with phylogenetic relatedness, suggesting that competition or facilitation mechanisms operate independently of evolutionary history. These findings highlight how tropical plant communities adjust their reproductive cycles in response to environmental constraints, reinforcing the dominant role of ecological factors over phylogenetic constraints in shaping phenological patterns.