The interaction between livelihood means and land use pattern of households is the core of the interactive coupling of the human-land system. This study focuses on Qinba mountainous area in southern Shaanxi province, a typical poverty-alleviated mountainous area. With the help of the coupling coordination degree model, kernel density estimation, and trend surface analysis, this study constructs the coupling coordination degree of livelihood efficiency and land use for households, and analyzes the differences between households’ livelihood efficiency and land use level, as well as the coupling coordination relationship between households livelihood efficiency and land use in different types and regions. The research conclusions are as follows. (1) For households in the Qinba mountainous area, southern Shaanxi province, the livelihood efficiency is at a medium level of 0.681, the land use is at a low level of 0.127, while the coupling coordination degree 0.526 is at the primary coordination state. (2) With the increase of nonagricultural degree, the coupling coordination degree of households increases first, and then decreases. (3) The coupling coordination degree for households east-to-west is “sagging”, while south-to-north diagram is “hogging”. (4) The distribution of the coupling coordination degree for agriculture-dependent households east-to-west (the “sagging” diagram) is opposite to the other types of households. By analogy, the distribution of the coupling coordination degree for nonagriculture and agriculture-dependent households north-to-south (the “hogging” diagram) is opposite to the other types of households. The coupling coordination between the households’ livelihood efficiency and land use level is affected by the households’ regional development level, natural resources, geographic location, infrastructure availability and many other factors. Making appropriate livelihood development plans based on the types of households and regional space can both effectively improve the livelihood conditions, as well as offer guidance in promoting regional human-land activity coordination and ensuring sustainable development.

Under the catalysis of knowledge anxiety and cognitive surplus, knowledge payment has developed rapidly. However, coordinating the relationship between knowledge demanders and knowledge providers and maintaining the benefits of the platform itself remains the focus of knowledge payment platforms. This paper constructs a tripartite game modeland analyzes the relationship among knowledge demanders, knowledge providers and knowledge payment platforms. The effects of quality level, price, value-added service level of knowledge products, and the proportion of transaction commission on the decision-making of each game subject are compared and tripartite decision-making in the game model is simulated.

The core enterprise oriented entrepreneurship ecosystem plays an important role in promoting the sustainable development of innovation and entrepreneurship and realizing the multi-agent win-win symbiosis. Based on the structure of the core enterprise oriented entrepreneurship ecosystem, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model with the participation of core enterprises, start-up enterprises and the government, analyzes the equilibrium point and corresponding stability conditions for the evolutionary game model, and carries out a simulation analysis on different stability conditions from the aspects of the initial willingness of the participants, the intensity of the subsidy and punishment, the cost and benefit of the strategy selection. The results show that: (1) In order to achieve different equilibrium states, different stability conditions should be satisfied, and there may be multiple stable points under each stability condition. (2) The initial intention will positively affect the subject’s positive strategy selection, and negatively affect the subject’s negative strategy selection. (3) The strategy selections of core enterprises, start-up enterprises and the government will be affected by many factors, and different factors have different influences on the directions and degrees of the main strategy selections. Based on these conclusions, we can build a unified information platform, set up a moderately high, flexible reward and punishment mechanism, and build a multi-party collaborative governance system. In addition, we can also use the stability conditions to judge the development status of the ecosystem to promote the formation of the ideal core enterprise oriented entrepreneurship ecosystem.

The interaction process between farmers’ livelihood and land use is a core link between the interaction and the coupling of the human–land system. It is a complex evolutionary process that involves several issues such as resource-intensive utilization and economic development. This study first constructs a dynamic model of the coupling system of farmers’ livelihood efficiency and land use and designs two types of 31 scenarios based on the farmer’s livelihood mode and land use. This study further simulates the coupling coordination relationship in different scenarios and then proposes suggestions for sustainable development. The findings of our study show that with the development of time, the livelihood capital, livelihood output, and land use level first showed a decline and then an increase. The results also reveal that livelihood efficiency and coordination degree are related to the livelihood mode and land use mode of farmers, while the land use level is not significantly associated with the livelihood mode of farmers. Pure-agriculture farmers have the lowest livelihood efficiency and coordination degree when they have no planting and breeding poultry, while part-time farmers have the highest land use level and coordination degree when they plant cash crops and breeding livestock. Besides, non-agriculture farmers have the highest livelihood efficiency and the lowest land use level when they neither plant crops nor breed livestock. To improve the level of coupling coordination, it is necessary not only to flexibly adjust the farmer’s livelihood and land use mode but also to optimize the allocation of various resources to promote the coordinated and sustainable development of farmers.

Promoting the coordination of livelihoods at the county and farmers’ scales is essential for achieving balanced regional development and rural revitalization in post-poverty mountainous areas. Existing studies predominantly focus on farmers’ or regional livelihood capital and livelihood efficiency at a single scale, lacking research on cross-scale coordination between farmers’ and county livelihoods. Consequently, these studies fail to reveal the interactions and synergistic enhancement pathways between the two scales. This study, using the Qinba mountains in southern Shaanxi as a case, employs system dynamics to construct a coupled system dynamics model of farmers’ livelihood efficiency and county livelihood efficiency. From the perspective of livelihood capital, five regulatory modes, comprising a total of 17 scenarios, were designed and simulated. The results indicate the following data: (1) The coupling coordination degree between farmers’ livelihood efficiency and county livelihood efficiency in the Qinba mountains is 0.623, indicating a moderate level of coordination overall. However, the coupling coordination relationship requires further optimization and adjustment. Specifically, Foping exhibits a severe imbalance, while the coupling coordination degree of Shiquan, Zhashui, Baihe, Pingli, and Lan’gao is in a state of basic coordination. Additionally, 19 other counties, including Lueyang, Ningqiang, Yang, and others, exhibit moderate coordination. (2) Enhancing social or financial capital through various means typically promotes the coordinated development of farmers’ and county livelihood efficiency. On average, social capital and financial capital regulation models can increase the coupling coordination degree by 0.08 and 0.17, respectively. Additionally, strategies such as increasing fixed asset investment and regulating other capital types, including reducing arable land, also effectively improve the coupling coordination degree of farmers’ and county livelihood efficiency. This study provides a decision-making basis for improving the coordination of farmers’ and county livelihoods in post-poverty mountainous areas, thereby promoting economic development and intensive resource utilization. It assists in formulating more precise policy measures and offers a reference for sustainable development and rural revitalization in similar regions.