Parallel phase-shifting digital holography (PPSDH) employing a polarization image sensor can suppress zero-order and twin-image noise through a single exposure, achieve instantaneous measurement of complex-valued dynamic objects, and have broad applications in the areas of biomedicine, etc. To improve the imaging resolution of PPSDH, we propose an oversampled super-pixel image reconstruction method, which can be expressed as the implementation of nearest-neighbor interpolation to replace blank pixels in sparse sub-phase-shift holograms. We found experimentally that the maximum spatial lateral resolution of the reconstructed image based on the existing super-pixel method, B-spline, bicubic, bilinear, and the proposed nearest-neighbor interpolation was 12.4 µm, 11.4 µm, 9.8 µm, 8.8 µm, and 7.8 µm, respectively. The main reason for not reaching the ideal value of 6.9 µm was the inherent residual zero-order and twin-image noise, which needs to be removed in the future.

As a strong interference source for the all-time optical imaging surveillance of maritime targets, sea surface glare is difficult to mitigate accurately because of its time-varying characteristics due to lighting conditions and seawater fluctuations. In this paper, we propose an adaptive suppression approach to sea surface glare, which establishes a geographic polarization suppression model based on real-time information regarding geographic positioning and the orientation information of the floating platform, and also combines dynamic polarization control and pixel normalization to achieve adaptive suppression of sea surface glare. Experimental results show that this approach can mitigate the influence of rapidly changing glare effectively, and the SSIM indexes between the images without glare and those with glare suppression of the same scenes exceed 0.8, which is suitable for all-time glare suppression on the sea surface under natural lighting conditions.