We aimed to determine the histopathological differences between primary breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine features (NEBC) and carcinomas mimicking neuroendocrine features (NEBC-like). Twenty-three cases with NEBC, all showing positive staining for synaptophysin and/or chromogranin-A in ≥50% of tumor cells and 36 cases with NEBC-like (no staining for neuroendocrine [NE] markers but suspicious for NE morphology in terms of solid/trabecular growth patterns) were included in the study. Significant differences were found between the groups in terms of the patients’ ages, histologic/nuclear grade of tumor, lymphovascular invasion, comedo-type ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), microcalcification, Ki-67 proliferation index, nuclear shape, and level of peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration. The presence of large-size solid cohesive groups of tumor cells; plasmocytoid, spindle, and/or columnar shapes of tumor cells; and eosinophilic-granular appearance of cytoplasm were mostly noted in the NEBC group. The presence of small- to medium-sized solid cohesive groups of tumor cells; high-grade histologic and nuclear features; clear cytoplasm; and round to ovoid nucleus were mostly noted in the NEBC-like group. No significant differences were found in terms of tumor size, ER/PR/HER2 status, as well as the presence of DCIS, elastosis, extracellular/intracellular mucin, signet ring cells, apocrine features, and accompanying papilloma or ductal ectasia. In conclusion, small- to medium-sized solid cohesive groups of tumor cells, high-grade features, clear cytoplasm, round to ovoid shape of nucleus, lymphovascular invasion, comedo-type DCIS, microcalcification, high level of Ki-67 proliferation index (≥20%), and moderate/strong level of peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration might support non-NE features in breast carcinomas.

Objectives: The important roles of integrins in tumor invasion, migration and proliferation are well known. In this study, we investigated the presence of integrin alpha 3 and beta 1 receptors in tumor tissue, metastatic lymph node (LW) and normal thyroid tissue of patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer (TCa) and showed the prognostic and diagnostic value of these molecules as well as peptide-receptor. Methods: Sixty-one patients with TCa were induded in this study. The presence of integrin alpha 3 and beta 1 expression was investigated by immunohistochemical methods from tumor tissue after total thyroidectomy. TNM system was used in tumor staging. The relationship between prognostic properties such as tumor size, LN metastasis, capsular invasion and the presence of integrin alpha 3 and beta 1 expression was investigated. Results: Classical type papillary TCa was the most common subtype in our study group with 3t1%. Integrin beta 1 was expressed in 4.9% (n=3) of normal tissue, 57.4% (n=35) of tumor tissue and 16.4% (n-10) of metastatic LN; integrin alpha 3 was expressed in 50.8% (n=31) of normal tissue, 67.2% (n=41) of tumor tissue and 9.8% (n=6) metastatic LN. Integrin beta 1 expression was observed 21.3% (n=13), integrin alpha 3 in 14.8% (n=9) and integrin alpha 3 and beta 1 expression in 36.1% (n=22). Integrin beta 1 expression increased statistically significantly in the presence of LN metastasis and capsular invasion (p=0.022, 0.014, respectively). Furthermore, the expression of integrin alpha 3 was found to be statistically significant in primary tumors of patients with LN metastasis (p=0.045). Conclusion: Our study showed a significant increase in integrin alpha 3 and beta 1 expression in LN metastasis or thyroid capsule invasion in tumor. Thus, it appears that the demonstration of the presence of integrin alpha 3 and beta 1 expression in TCa is not only a prognostic biomarker but also has value as a potential theranostic target with peptide-bound radioactive agents.

Introduction: Approximately 90% of testicular tumors originate from germ cells. Tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, spermatic cord invasion, epididymal invasion, tunica vaginalis and hilar soft tissue invasion are important parameters for staging and prognosis in germ cell tumors of the testis and these parameters are related to prognosis. Materials and methods: Therefore, 80 cases diagnosed with testicular germ cell tumors were retrospectively analyzed. The patients’ age, tumor size, invasion characteristics, tumor focus numbers, tumor subtypes and percentage amounts of the components were documented. Results: Of the cases, 40 (50%) were seminoma, 32 (40%) were mixed germ cell tumors, 6 (7,5%) were embryonal carcinomas and 2 (2,5%) were postpubertal type teratomas. Of these 80 cases, 48,75% had rete testicular invasion, 5% had epididymal invasion, 18,75% had hilar soft tissue invasion, 10% had spermatic cord invasion, 52,5% had lymphovascular invasion, 3,75% had tunica vaginalis invasion and 2,5% had spermatic cord surgical margin invasion. A statistically significant correlation was found between tumor size and all invasion sites. The correlation between yolk sac tumor component and epididymis, hilar soft tissue, spermatic cord and lymphovascular invasions was found to be significant. There was also a statistically significant correlation between embryonal carcinoma component and epididymis and spermatic cord invasions. Conclusion: It is important to evaluate macroscopically and microscopically the tumor size and invasion sites is which are determinants of prognosis in germ cell tumors of the testis. Additionally, it should be kept in mind that tumor subtypes may also be a factor determining the extent and site of invasion.

Ülkemizde Türkçe olarak güncel kaynak kitap eksikliği şüphe götürmez bir gerçektir. Bu açığı bir nebze olsun doldurabilmek amacı ile yola çıktık. Bilginin hızla arttığı çağımızda bu tür eserlerin hızla güncellenmesinin gerekliliği kaçınılmazdır. Elinizdeki bu kaynak kitapta mesane tümörlerinin etiyolojisi, radyolojisi, tipleri, makroskopik ve mikroskopik bulguları 22 bölümde detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır.