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African swine fever remains the greatest limitation to the development of the pig industry in Africa, and parts of Asia and Europe. It is especially important in West and Central African countries where the disease has become endemic. Biosecurity is the implementation of a set of measures that reduce the risk of infection through segregation, cleaning and disinfection. Using a 122‐sow piggery unit, a financial model and costing were used to estimate the economic benefits of effective biosecurity against African swine fever. The outcomes suggest that pig production is a profitable venture that can generate a profit of approximately US$109 637.40 per annum and that an outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) has the potential to cause losses of up to US$910 836.70 in a single year. The implementation of biosecurity and its effective monitoring can prevent losses owing to ASF and is calculated to give a benefit‐cost ratio of 29. A full implementation of biosecurity will result in a 9.70% reduction in total annual profit, but is justified in view of the substantial costs incurred in the event of an ASF outbreak. Biosecurity implementation is robust and capable of withstanding changes in input costs including moderate feed price increases, higher management costs and marginal reductions in total outputs. It is concluded that biosecurity is a key to successful pig production in an endemic situation.

Brucellosis, a neglected debilitating zoonosis, is a recognized occupational hazard with a high prevalence in developing countries. Transmission to humans can occur through contact with infected animals or animal products. Brucellosis presents with fever. In Nigeria, there is a possibility of missed diagnoses by physicians leading to a long debilitating illness. We conducted a study to determine the seroprevalence and factors associated with Human Brucellosis (HB) among abattoir-workers in Abuja, Nigeria. We conducted a cross-sectional study and selected abattoir-workers using stratified random sampling. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics and exposure-factors. We tested the workers' serum-samples using Rose-Bengal (RBPT) and ELISA tests. A worker with HB was one whose serum tested positive to RBPT or ELISA. We tested differences in proportions between workers with HB and those without HB using odds-ratio and X(2) tests. Of 224 workers, 172 (76.8%) were male and mean age was 30 + 9.0 years. Of 224 sera collected, 54 were positive giving a seroprevalence of 24.1%. Of these, 32 (59.3%) were butchers, and 11 (20.4%) were meat-sellers. Slaughtering animals while having open-wounds (Odds-ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.15-4.04); occupational-exposure of >5years (OR = 2.30, CI = 1.11-4.78) and eating raw meat (OR = 2.75, CI = 1.21-6.26) were significantly associated with HB. Multivariate analyses showed that occupational-exposure of >5years (Adjusted OR (AOR) =2.45, CI = 1.15 - 5.30) and eating raw-meat (AOR = 2.64, CI = 1.14 - 6.14) remained significantly associated with HB. Seroprevalence of HB among abattoir-workers in Abuja was high. Factors associated with HB were occupational-exposure of >5years and eating raw-meat. Abattoir-workers should be discouraged from eating raw-meat and educated on adherence to safe animal-product handling practices.

A serological survey was conducted between 2009 and 2011 in six Border States and two other states that lie on the major cattle trek routes in Nigeria with the objective of determining the seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and demonstrate the evidence of antibodies in sheep, goats and pigs. Four hundred and forty-eight (448) sera were screened for FMD antibodies using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) including samples collected during suspected field outbreaks. Statistics was conducted by using the modified Wald method and two-by-two contingency table. Higher seroprevalence was recorded in cattle samples from Yobe State (82%), followed by those from Plateau (80%), Ogun (77.77%), Taraba (73.50%), Adamawa (68%), Borno (67%), Sokoto (63%) cattle and Bauchi (27.84%), is only in sheep and goat. None of the pig sera obtained from Kaduna was positive. There is no difference in seropositivity between cattle sampled at the border and those from the trek routes. The result confirmed that FMD is still an important cattle disease in Nigeria since the diagnostic procedure employed in this analysis only detect positive serum in FMD infected animals and no history of vaccination was declared for any of the surveyed animals. Based on these results, it will be important to determine the recently circulating virus strains and factors responsible for the widespread seropositivity in order to design appropriate control strategies to limit the effect of FMD particularly on the Nigerian cattle.http://www.academicjournals.org/AJMRab201