Cancer is a major health concern in both developed and developing countries, second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Among the different types of cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer found in females worldwide. Studies have shown that salicylic acid decreases cell viability and potentially used in cancer therapy. This research aim is to analyze the cytotoxicity effect of alkylated salicylic acid towards breast cancer cells T47D. Samples used are methyl salicylate, ethyl salicylate, butyl salicylate, isoamyl salicylate, and octyl salicylate. Thin layer chromatography was done to samples and MTT test was done against T47D cancer cells to obtain cancer cell growth and IC50 value. QSAR analysis were carried out to predict the theoretical activity of the alkylated salicylates. Based on MTT result, there was shown an increase of cytotoxicity effect with higher concentration. IC50 value of alkylated salicylic acid showed more significant cytotoxicity effect (p<0,05) when compared to IC50 value of salicylic acid, except octyl salicylate. This shows that addition of alkyl group enhances cytotoxicity effect of salicylic acid due to increase of affinity. The IC50 value of alkylated salicylic acid showed lower results compared to salicylic acid. The QSAR equation is Log (1/IC50) = -1236.21871 - 236.42806 *logP(o/w) -1186.53810 * AM1_LUMO +251.55826* mr ((n = 7 r = 0,94 RMSE = 4,08). The QSAR showed the descriptors which has effect towards inhibition activity of breast cancer cell line are log P, mr, and AM_1LUMO.

Background: Stroke remains a major global health challenge, with substantial losses in disability-adjusted life-years, particularly in low-middle-income countries. Predicting post-stroke outcomes remains challenging because outcomes are driven by complex and overlapping processes, including inflammation, vascular injury, and neurodegeneration. Consequently, blood-based biomarkers, such as the pentraxin group that reflect underlying pathophysiology, have gained attention. However, existing evidence is fragmented and heterogeneous, underscoring the need for systematic mapping of the pentraxin group as biologically informed prognostic tools. Objective: This systematic scoping review aims to map and synthesize existing evidence on the prognostic value of blood-based biomarkers Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), Neuropentraxin-1 (NPTX1), and Neuropentraxin-2 (NPTX2) in predicting clinical outcomes after stroke. Methods: This PRISMA-ScR–guided scoping review systematically mapped evidence on blood-based biomarkers: PTX3, NPTX1, and NPTX2, for post-stroke prognosis from 6 databases and used NOS for quality assessment. Results: A total of 18 studies were included in the final scoping review. Lower serum NPTX2 levels were significantly associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment. Studies investigating PTX3 demonstrated substantial heterogeneity in sampling timing, cutoff definitions, and follow-up duration. Across studies, higher PTX3 concentrations were independently associated with increased mortality (AUC ~0.73–0.81, P value <0.0001), greater baseline neurological severity as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and poorer functional outcomes assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Conclusion: Despite the large heterogeneity of studies, the overall evidence supports PTX3, NPTX1, and NPTX2 as less-invasive prognostic blood-based biomarkers for post-stroke outcomes. However, studies on NPTX1 and NPTX2 are still very limited.

Introduction: Microplastics (MPs) are widespread environmental pollutants with possible neurotoxic effects. Exploring links between plastic use, MP awareness, and cognition is key for assessing public health risks. Objective: To examine correlations between plastic consumption, MP awareness and attitudes, and neurocognitive function among Greater Jakarta residents. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 562 adults used a validated e-questionnaire covering plastic usage, MP knowledge, attitudes, risk perception, and cognition via the Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD-8). Analyses included chi-square, t-tests, and logistic regression. Results: Suspected cognitive impairment (AD-8 ≥ 2) was observed in 44.5% of respondents. High single-use plastic consumption correlated with worse cognition (p = 0.032), while reusable plastic use showed no association (p = 0.605). Awareness of MPs was relatively low, with 19.4% of respondents having never heard of them. Awareness and knowledge also varied significantly by age (p = 0.007), gender (p = 0.004), and education level (p = 0.027). Positive attitudes and higher risk perception aligned with greater awareness (p < 0.001) but not cognitive scores. Risk perception influenced bottled water use (p = 0.009), with low-risk groups consuming more. Conclusions: Frequent single-use plastic consumption is linked to poorer cognition, while MP awareness and risk perception do not directly affect cognitive outcomes. Educational strategies may enhance awareness and reduce exposure.

Background: Pentraxin‐3 (PTX3) emerges as a promising biomarker for cognitive impairment due to its association wit h inflammatory processes implicated in vascular pathologies. Given that cognitive impairment often manifests as a consequence of vascular events, PTX3's ability to reflect vascular inflammation makes it a relevant candidate for assessing cognitive decline in such contexts. This is an updated systematic review and the first meta‐analysis between PTX3 and cognitive function . Method: A systematic review was conducted using five databases (Pubmed and MEDLINE, Proquest, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane) and individual searches on 02 January 2025. This review included those that studies adult patients undergoing cognitive assessment. Result: After removing duplicates, we obtained 1512 articles. After undergoing abstract and full‐text screening, this study discussed 8 articles, out of which, 1 article was a systematic review. From the selected studies, the combined sample population was 6,004 people and the average combined age was 69.08 ± 11.65 years old. Three studies used Modified Mini Mental Examination (3MSE) to measure cognitive function and the average combined score was 91.425 ± 4.90 while four studies using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) had the average combined score 25.2975 ± 3.56, both which are considered normal. The average combined value of PTX3 was 1.070364 ± 0.9657 ng/mL. From 4 studies, a meta analysis of the correlation between PTX3 and 3MSE or MMSE scores found a significant negative correlation (r=‐0.67; p <0.001). One study found that PTX3 increases cognitive decline by 20% ( p <0.0025), another found that PTX3 had significant negative correlation with executive function domain (r=‐0.057; p = 0.05). Last but not least, one study found that while PTX3 had significant effect on cognitive decline in women, PTX3 was found to be a protective factor against cognitive decline in men. Conclusion: Our study suggests that PTX3 had a significant negative correlation towards cognitive impairment measured by 3MSE or MMSE, therefore it has a potential to be a novel less‐invasive biomarker to predict cognitive function. Studies correlating PTX3 and cognitive function are still limited and warrants further research.