Industries strive to prevent ecologically destructive actions in their supply chains. At the same time, the optimization of their resources is a major concern for industries to minimize carbon emissions, boost sustainable practices, and improve a country’s long-term economic development. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the impact of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) methods on operational performance with the mediation of technological innovation, in the context of Pakistani manufacturing firms. The partial least square-structural modeling (PLS-SEM) method is adopted in this paper. Data were gathered from 223 different manufacturing firms in Pakistan and then analyzed among these variables. The data show good validity and reliability, and structural model explains 61% of the variance in operational performance and 45.4% of the variance in technical innovation, demonstrating its predictive validity. The R-square criteria classify R-square entities of 0.67, 0.33, and 0.19 as considerable, moderate, and weak, respectively. It is demonstrated that all the f-square values are greater than 0.020 and 0.35, indicating a significant effect on the model’s validity. The findings of this study reveal that GSCM practices have a significantly positive effect on both technological innovation and operational performance. Technological innovation has a direct influence on operational performance and has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between GSCM practices and operational performance. Therefore, this research offers managers insight into the importance of technological innovation and GSCM practice adoption to achieve competitive advantages. It further provides the groundwork for managers, practitioners, and environmental management researchers to emphasize the value of GSCM practice in improving operational performance.

We propose the design of a novel fractal antenna that is both unique and performance-driven. Two important antenna design features, miniaturization and wideband operation, are combined in this work. A ring-shaped antenna is designed using the well-known fractal geometry. This hybrid geometry is a fusion of meander and Koch curve shapes. The geometrical construction of the proposed antenna is compared to the standard Koch curve geometry. It is shown that combining the meander and Koch curve shapes increases the effective electrical length. The wider bandwidth is achieved by bringing the higher modes together. The overall dimensions of proposed meander Koch curve fractal ring antenna are 45×25×1.6mm³. The resonance frequency of the antenna is between 4.94 and 6.12GHz ( BW=21.83), which covers the entire 5GHz WLAN band. The prototype has been fabricated and experimentally verified.

The domain of underwater wireless communication (UWC) link is gaining much attention due to an increase in various underwater activities such as offshore hydrocarbon exploration, underwater unmanned vehicles (UUV), and military practices. Increased bandwidth and a reliable data link are mainly required for such activities. Both requirements of the domain are heavily affected by the highly conductive property of the seawater. This paper demonstrates the performance evaluation of radiofrequency-UWC, focusing on surface wave analysis, to propose a reliable solution for offshore activities. A constructive interference scheme can be useful due to the sharp difference in the properties of the two mediums (air and seawater). To that end, an experimental setup is created, and a corresponding finite element method (FEM) based simulation of the radio-based wireless link is run. This is because it has higher bandwidth and speed than acoustic and optical approaches. A conduction current mechanism transmits and receives data in a synthetic water tank containing a prepared conductive media (saltwater). The study of changing depths of transmitter-receiver nodes in saltwater shows that surface waves cause significant noise reception in shallow water (less than dipole length, below water level). During a series of experiments in the tank, the lowest bit error rate (BER) is observed only when the node’s submerged height was greater than dipole length. As a result, it is meant to provide a genuine data channel model. The discovery and analysis will aid in the development of a dependable underwater data link, with applications including short-range diver-to-diver communication, and UUV capability.

Perovskite inorganic-organic solar cells are fabricated as a sandwich structure of mesostructured TiO₂ as electron transport layer (ETL), CH₃NH₃PbI₃ as active material layer (AML), and Spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport layer (HTL). The crystallinity, structural morphology, and thickness of TiO₂ layer play a crucial role to improve the overall device performance. The randomly distributed one dimensional (1D) TiO₂ nanowires (TNWs) provide excellent light trapping with open voids for active filling of visible light absorber compared to bulk TiO₂. Solid-state photovoltaic devices based on randomly distributed TNWs and CH₃NH₃PbI₃ are fabricated with high open circuit voltage V_oc of 0.91 V, with conversion efficiency (CE) of 7.4%. Mott-Schottky analysis leads to very high built-in potential (V_bi) ranging from 0.89 to 0.96 V which indicate that there is no depletion layer voltage modulation in the perovskite solar cells fabricated with TNWs of different lengths. Moreover, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis revealed larger fraction of photo-generated charges due to light trapping and distribution due to field convergence via guided modes, and improved light trapping capability at the interface of TNWs/CH₃NH₃PbI₃ compared to bulk TiO₂.