Reliability consists of four components: failure-less operation, maintainability, durability, and preservation ability. For different machines and different conditions of operation, different combinations of these properties, and differences in how they are balanced and proportioned are essential. For tractors, the most important aspect of reliability is maintainability, while for agricultural machines, durability is most important. Using the example of a ploughshare, the issue of increasing the durability has been studied; a method for calculating the durability of a ploughshare for various types of soils has been described. The use of plasma hardening of the surface of a 65G-steel ploughshare has been proposed; the effectiveness of plasma hardening of soil-cutting parts and its economic feasibility have been proved. Due to hardening to a depth of 1–1.8 mm, the service life of parts increases by 2–3 times; moreover the downtime of expensive machine-tractor units for replacing worn-out parts is reduced.

The object of the study is to determine the critical impact speed during shell destruction, study crack formation in the shell, and grind the shell. When operating a grinder-mixer-dryer, problems arise such as determining the speed of impact on the shell depending on the height of its fall, the lack of ability to determine the speed of shell fall from certain heights, which complicates planning the operation of the finger shaft. As a result of research, it was found that an auger with knives crushes and moves feed raw materials, and the impact-spreading shaft ensures partial grinding of fragile raw materials and intensive processes of mixing and drying wet feed with uniform filling of the installation hopper. The appearance of cracks on the shell when it falls from a height of 0.15 m has been experimentally recorded. Therefore, this speed of impact of the shell on a metal surface is the critical peripheral speed of the impact-spreading shaft, which ensures partial crushing of the shell. As a result of theoretical studies, an analytical expression was obtained that provides the determination of the shell impact speed depending on the height of its fall. The value of the critical peripheral speed of the fingers of the impact-spreading shaft is determined to be 1.66 m/s. The experimental results showed the effective occurrence of grinding, mixing and drying processes. Moreover, within 15 minutes of operation of the installation, the wet shell was crushed in accordance with the requirements. The uniformity reached up to 90 % within 4 to 6 minutes of its operation, and drying proceeded at a rate of 26.54 % per hour. All this proves the effectiveness of the processes of grinding, mixing and drying wet food, and also confirms the reliability of theoretical research

The article considers the issue of substantiating the distributing working body parameters for a pneumatic grain seeder. Work on the subject matter is mainly experimental in nature and not sufficiently deeply worked out theoretically. Based on computer simulation, the article determines the most preferred layout of the distributor dividing head, establishes a rational form of the reference cone and the location of the outlet pipes. Based on the simulation of the movement of seed grain particles, the individual design parameters of the distributor dividing head are specified. The results of experimental studies are presented confirming the theoretical background.

The interrelation of reliability with the costs for manufacturing an object and their effect on the operational costs when using this object is analyzed. From the complex property of reliability, its...

Methods for maintaining the technical condition and reliability control for tractors have been developed (faultlessness, durability, and maintainability) w

The article considers the issue of technologies for grinding waste of plant and animal origin. A review of modern research works for the period 2020–2024 is conducted. The analysis of scientific works has revealed 10 most promising technologies that can grind waste of plant and animal origin. A comparative analysis of the research results and available information on each of the technologies for grinding waste of plant and animal origin is carried out, establishing the methods of destruction, the name of the crushing and grinding equipment and working bodies, advantages and disadvantages. It was revealed that water-jet technology has great potential, in which the cutting speed reaches 1000 m/s due to the high-energy water flow, capable of providing preliminary destruction of wood and meat and bone waste of various thicknesses. Many scientific articles focus on the issue of grinding secondary raw materials for the purpose of preparing feed, since waste of plant and animal origin has biologically valuable properties for the production of high-quality feed. Separately, it should be noted that all waste grinding technologies are based on the use of technical devices. In this case, such working bodies as hammers are significantly used in crushing. The review indicates 11 hammer designs with 2 to 8 working surfaces on one hammer, 2 to 6 hinge holes on one hammer, and 18 to 240 sharp ends on one hammer. It has been established that the trend in improving hammers is to eliminate passive zones on working surfaces, ensure a longer service life of hammers and hammer hinge holes by using new hammer surfaces, and provide the working surfaces of hammers with sharp ends to combine impact-cutting effects for the purpose of intensive crack formation in the crushed particles