The article considers feasibility of using air-water heat pumps to provide residential and industrial buildings with heating, cooling and ventilation requires taking into account a large number of different factors, such as the estimated and average outdoor temperature for the heating period in the considered climate region. The study of temperature fluctuations during the heating period will help to clarify the boundaries of areas of synchronous changes to solve the problems of climatological zoning, with the goal of establishing the heat production, energy transformation coefficient of the selected heat pump model. Using a statistical data and quantitative indicators of temperature variability across the territory of Kazakhstan, an interactive online map was developed based on the ArcGIS software, which integrated 67 weather stations in five regions. The developed zoning map is a qualitatively new information product that combines reliable data and a tool for analysis, visualization and data management of a professional GIS system. In general, in conclusion, we can say that our work is the creation of a map of the zoning of the territory of Kazakhstan according to the average temperature of the heating period in order to select a heat pump heat supply system is relevant in that we take into account the climatic conditions and the heating season to select a heat transfer system.

Standardization and technical regulation involve the digitization of international and regional standards into "smart" standards, introducing new requirements for the presentation of complex industrial manuals. The introduction of artificial intelligence and machine learning into the process of standardization, improving process automation, data analysis will provide an opportunity to create innovative standards. Creation of machine-readable standards and their presentation in the form of a database will contribute to better interoperability between systems. The article demonstrates the method of ontological engineering for the automation of partial methodological examination of documents in accordance with the National Standardization Plan. As part of the experiment, an independent tool was developed, based on the extraction of qualitative data, using an uncontrolled automatic keyword extraction algorithm. The algorithm does not require the creation of a learning corpus, can be applied to any text and language, and does not have limitations on the amount of processed data. The algorithm provides adjustment of the parameters of the repetition of keywords, with the possibility of taking into account less important keywords. The work presents the following components: model classification standards, essence extraction module, categorization, thesaurus formation, monitoring and analysis. Calculations were carried out using formalization, determination of the target function, establishment of similarity measures, and description of document features. The work presents the theoretical aspect of application, design and description of the functional system.

The article deals with the indirect methods for calculating the temperature of asynchronous generators with the introduction of a pulse component in the power supply circuit of the stator windings of asynchronous generators with squirrel-cage rotor. The relevance of this issue is determined by the need to improve asynchronous energy converters to increase their reliability and safety. The object of the study is an asynchronous generator with squirrel-cage rotor, which consume 40 % of the total electricity generated, and are the most affordable. One of the dangerous modes of asynchronous generators is their overheating as a result of increased currents and temperatures. The thermal protection of the stator winding of asynchronous generators relies primarily on measuring or determining the winding temperature. An indirect method for determining temperature based on measuring the resistance of the stator of an asynchronous generator with squirrel-cage rotor is proposed. The method is based on superimposing pulse signals of small amplitude and high frequency of 600 Hz on an alternating sinusoidal voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz. A simulation model for a 3 kW asynchronous generator has been developed. There were given the simulation results. The estimated values of the active resistances of the stator can be used to indirectly determine the temperature of the windings in thermal protection devices of asynchronous generators, as well as for control, monitoring and diagnostics of the technical condition. The research results confirm the possibility of indirect temperature determination and the creation of a thermal protection system for asynchronous energy converters based on the use of estimation methods.

The theoretical possibilities of increasing the resolution and sensitivity of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with orthogonal ion injection are considered. The effects are achieved by using inhomogeneous electrostatic fields of special configurations both in the accelerating and focusing parts of the device – a cylindrical immersion objective and a transaxial mirror, respectively. It is shown that the use of an inhomogeneous cylindrical field of a special configuration as an ion accelerator opens up the possibility of a multiple reduction in the energy spread of ions in injected ion packets, associated with the so-called "turnaround time" and, therefore, a significant (two or more times) increase in the limiting resolution of the mass spectrometer. The use of a transaxial electrostatic mirror as a time-of-flight mass analyzer makes it possible to significantly increase the sensitivity of the mass-spectrometer due to the implementation of triple space-time-of-flight focusing of ion packets. Key features include reduced ion energy spread, increased maximum resolution, and improved sensitivity due to triple focusing in space and time of flight. This research lays the foundation for expanding the capabilities of time-of-flight mass spectrometry, providing a more efficient and powerful tool for a wide range of scientific and industrial applications. The effects are achieved by using inhomogeneous electrostatic fields of a special configuration in both the accelerating and focusing parts of the device – a cylindrical immersion lens and a transaxial mirror, respectively. Numerical calculations of the system – a four-electrode cylindrical immersion lens in combination with a three-electrode transaxial mirror – are presented, which confirm the conclusions of the theory

Presently, there is significant emphasis on researching the automation of processes, systems, and devices across scientific and technical fields. This emphasis extends notably to sectors like aerospace, robotics, and electric transportation technology. One effective approach to tackling the technical and design challenges of automating various technological tools and processes is through the implementation of adaptive systems. Specifically, achieving efficient and reliable power transmission in electric autonomous and mobile vehicles can be realized by employing an adaptive mechanical drive with two degrees of freedom. The adaptability of this two-mobile system is enabled by introducing an innovative continuous multi-speed drive design featuring an additional friction coupling. The primary attribute ensuring the reliability of this self-adjusting mechanical drive lies in its ability to autonomously adapt to external loads. This is made possible by a balancing friction coupling that establishes a connection between the frictional torque and the relative angular velocity.

The article considers the issue of technologies for grinding waste of plant and animal origin. A review of modern research works for the period 2020–2024 is conducted. The analysis of scientific works has revealed 10 most promising technologies that can grind waste of plant and animal origin. A comparative analysis of the research results and available information on each of the technologies for grinding waste of plant and animal origin is carried out, establishing the methods of destruction, the name of the crushing and grinding equipment and working bodies, advantages and disadvantages. It was revealed that water-jet technology has great potential, in which the cutting speed reaches 1000 m/s due to the high-energy water flow, capable of providing preliminary destruction of wood and meat and bone waste of various thicknesses. Many scientific articles focus on the issue of grinding secondary raw materials for the purpose of preparing feed, since waste of plant and animal origin has biologically valuable properties for the production of high-quality feed. Separately, it should be noted that all waste grinding technologies are based on the use of technical devices. In this case, such working bodies as hammers are significantly used in crushing. The review indicates 11 hammer designs with 2 to 8 working surfaces on one hammer, 2 to 6 hinge holes on one hammer, and 18 to 240 sharp ends on one hammer. It has been established that the trend in improving hammers is to eliminate passive zones on working surfaces, ensure a longer service life of hammers and hammer hinge holes by using new hammer surfaces, and provide the working surfaces of hammers with sharp ends to combine impact-cutting effects for the purpose of intensive crack formation in the crushed particles