Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is mostly grown in temperate climate conditions. The rising demand for natural fibres other than cotton has re-introduced flax cultivation in to the agenda. This situation has necessitated the acceleration of flax production research in Turkey. The purpose of this research is to discover the best seeding density for flax fibre cultivation. The trials were carried out with the Rolin flax variety at the coordinates 41°21′53″ N and 36°11′17″ E, during the winter seasons of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, at densities of 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, and 2000 plant m⁻², by using a random block design. According to the results obtained from analysis of variance, where all these charectors examined viz, years, densities, year and density interaction were found statistically significant (p < 0.01). The highest straw, fiber and seed yields per decare were measured at 2000 plant m⁻² density, while as the lowest values were determined at 500 plant m⁻² density. However In the interaction of year and density, the highest plant height and technical length were measured in the first year at 1750 plant m⁻² density at 102.7 cm and 80.2 cm, respectively. Similarly the highest straw yield (764 kg da⁻¹), fiber yield (198.6 kg da⁻¹) and seed yield (133.9 kg da⁻¹) were measured in the first year at 2000 plant m⁻² density. Adequate rainfall during the rapid development stage of winter flax in April-May boosted plant height, technical length, straw, seed, and fibre yield. Although the yields were low during the second year, which was dry. While the positive significant correlation (**; p < 0.01) was found between plant density and plant height (r = 0.907 **), straw yield per decare (r = 0.981 **), seed yield per decare (r = 0.973 **), fiber yield per decare (0.978 **), technical length (r = 0.828; * p < 0.05), negative significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between plant density and the number of secondary branches (r = −0.955 **), stem diameter (−0.955 **) and plant seed weight (r = −0.923 **). According to the data recorded in two-years. It was observed that for high straw, fiber and seed yield, 2000 plant m⁻² density was appropriate for cultivating flax fiber during the winter growing period in mild climate conditions.

This study aims to use advanced machine learning techniques supported by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to estimate body weight (BW) in buffalos raised in southeastern Mexico and compare their performance. The first stage of the current study consists of body measurements and the process of determining the most informative variables using PCA, a dimension reduction method. This process reduces the data size by eliminating the complex structure of the model and provides a faster and more effective learning process. As a second stage, two separate prediction models were developed with Gradient Boosting and Random Forest algorithms, using the principal components obtained from the data set reduced by PCA. The performances of both models were compared using R², RMSE and MAE metrics, and showed that the Gradient Boosting model achieved a better prediction performance with a higher R² value and lower error rates than the Random Forest model. In conclusion, PCA-supported modeling applications can provide more reliable results, and the Gradient Boosting algorithm is superior to Random Forest in this context. The current study demonstrates the potential use of machine learning approaches in estimating body weight in water buffalos, and will support sustainable animal husbandry by contributing to decision making processes in the field of animal science.

The freshness of the egg is important for both hatching and human consumption. It is quite difficult to determine the freshness of the egg without damaging it with classical methods. Deep learning is a powerful method used to classify data without processing or with much less processing. In this study, 30 eggs were photographed as experimental material for 29 days and the images obtained were used as data. It is aimed to determine how many days old the eggs are, which are foldered according to the days of the photos obtained. As a result of the study, 91.78% valuation accuracy value was obtained. Obtaining inputs without preprocessing shows that the Deep learning method can be used when a fast decision is required and the machine needs to make its own decision.

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual plant with 2n=20 chromosomes, one-year, C3 group, cultivated for its long and strong fibers and seeds. It is a plant that should be cultivated in a controlled manner due to the presence of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) in its natural structure. Producers who avoid control and monitoring have turned to alternative products instead of hemp farming. Countries that cultivate cannabis in large areas; France, China, and Canada. Some countries are updating their cannabis-related laws and making efforts to increase hemp acreage. It is known that hemp farming has been practiced in Anatolia since 1500 BC. Various products such as hemp seeds, hemp pulp, hemp oil have been used in various studies in poultry feeding studies, while no negative results have been encountered, but various positive results have been suggested and their use is recommended. It is of great importance to investigate the effects of cannabidiols, which have strong antimicrobial, antioxidant and immunostimulant effects, as they are expected to support the immune system in poultry, especially broilers. Some of the studies in which hemp products are used in poultry nutrition are as follows; Addition of hemp meal to laying hen diets has been reported to make no significant difference in egg production, feed consumption, feed utilization, body weight gain or egg quality, but results in lower palmitic acid concentrations and higher Linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) concentrations, which are healthier for human consumption. Hemp seeds and hemp oil used in chicken rations caused an increase in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content and color intensity of egg yolks, but no adverse effects were observed on the sensory profiles of cooked eggs. Addition of cannabis meal to fast growing broiler diets did not affect performance or mortality, and no effect on the number of Clostridium perfringens in the cecum was reported. Hemp seeds have a remarkable effect on the growth of broiler chicks and can help reduce feed expenditures for broiler rearing. In this paper, the use and usability of the hemp plant, whose production areas are expanding rapidly, in poultry will be examined.

In this study, it is aimed to determine the genetic algorithm optimization (GAO) and particle swarm algorithm optimization (PSO) activities in the artificial intelligence applications group. As experimental material, 50 eggs were photographed for 29 days and the images were used as data. According to the findings, the coefficient of determination obtained from the PSO classification was 0.07 and the coefficient of determination obtained from the GAO classification was 0.14. The results obtained from the GAO and PSO algorithms used to determine the freshness of the egg show that both methods are insufficient for the specified purpose. The coefficient of determination obtained were quite low and it was understood that these two methods could not be used to determine the freshness of eggs.

The rapid increase in the human population has also increased the demand for raw materials in many fields. The increasing population has brought along the problem of opening agricultural areas to settlement. For this reason, versatile plants that bring high efficiency from the unit area without harming the existing natural resources and can contribute in many fields such as food, textile, biofuel and animal nutrition arouse excitement among scientists. Industrial plants also provide the diversification of agriculture, enable the simultaneous development of plant and animal production, and make significant contributions to local economies, especially in developing countries. Industrial crops play a crucial role in various aspects of human society, economy, and sustainability. Their importance extends beyond food production and consumption, as they contribute to a wide range of industries and offer several benefits. One of these sectors which affected by industrial plants is poultry nutrition. Industrial crops are utilized to meet the energy, protein, vitamin, fibre, Omega-3, antioxidant, phytochemicals, phosphorous and mineral requirements of poultries. Such as soybeans, sunflower, maize, cottonseed and flax are widely used in the feeding of poultries. They serve as high-energy and protein sources, promoting healthy growth and productivity. These crops are specifically cultivated to provide essential nutrients and meet the dietary needs of poultries. As a conclusion, industrial crops serve as essential ingredients of poultry feeding methods, providing the crucial nutrients, energy, and protein required for the appropriate growth, development, and productivity of poultries. Their inclusion in diets ensures the optimal health and well-being of poultries in various agricultural settings. This review article has examined some important industrial plants as poultry feed.