BACKGROUND: Indonesia has the second highest smoking prevalence among adult males in the world, with over 61.4 million current smokers. However, there is no national regulation on outdoor tobacco advertising.OBJECTIVE: >To assess the density of outdoor tobacco advertising around schools in Semarang City, Indonesia.METHODS: We conducted geospatial analyses using buffer and hotspot analyses based on advertising and school data in ArcMap 10.6. We statistically tested the significance of different densities, including between 100 m and 100–300-m buffers from schools using Stata 15.1.RESULTS: We found a total of 3453 tobacco advertisements, of which 3026 (87%) were at least medium in size (1.3 m x l.9 m), and 2556 (74%) were within 300 m of schools. We also found hotspots with a 45% higher density of adverts within 100 m of schools (compared to within 100–300 m). A total of 378 schools (39%) were in these advertising hotspots.CONCLUSION: There was high density of outdoor tobacco advertising, with significant clusters in close proximity to schools in Semarang City. The policy implications of this are discussed.

Background: Smoking was among the top contributors to deaths and disability as the prevalence among male adults remains high, and that among male youth increases in Indonesia. While local studies have shown high visibility of outdoor tobacco advertising around schools, the country still has no outdoor tobacco advertising ban. Objective: To examine the association between youth smoking behavior and measures of outdoor tobacco advertising density and proximity in Indonesia. Methods: We combined two primary data sources, including outdoor tobacco advertising and smoking behavior among male youth in Semarang city. We randomly selected and interviewed 400 male students at 20 high schools in the city. In addition, we interviewed 492 male adults who lived near the schools for comparison. Results: We found significant associations between smoking use among youth (but not among adults) and measures of outdoor tobacco advertising density and proximity in Semarang city. Youth at schools with medium and high density of outdoor tobacco advertising were up to 2.16 times more likely to smoke, compared to those with low density. Similarly, youth at senior high schools with proximity to outdoor tobacco advertising were 2.8 times more likely to smoke. Also, young people at poorer-neighborhood schools with a higher density of and proximity to outdoor tobacco advertising were up to 5.16 times more likely to smoke. Conclusions: There were significant associations between smoking use among male youth (but not among male adults) and measures of outdoor tobacco advertising density and proximity in Indonesia. This highlights the need to introduce an outdoor tobacco advertising ban effectively, at least near schools.

Education is part of the future investment. The goals of education at any time need to be revised and adapted to the demands of change. Government Regulation Number 32 of 2013 concerning National Education Standards (SNP) provides direction on the need to develop and implement eight national education standards, namely: content standards, process standards, graduate competency standards, educators and education personnel standards, facilities and infrastructure standards, management standards, financing standards, and educational assessment standards. This study aims to describe the standardization of Islamic education on the orientation of religious values education. The National Education Standards have been implemented in accordance with the scope of their responsibilities to date. Even so, there are still pros and cons in the SNP policy, one of the reasons for the pro group is that standardization serves as a guide for teachers in making global changes, while those who oppose explain that standardization of education is heavily influenced by business and political decisions.

Perilaku merokok dan konsumsi alkohol nyatanya adalah perilaku yang beresiko terjangkit penyakit tidak menular (PTM). Meningkatnya kasus PTM secara signifikan diperkirakan akan menambah beban masyarakat dan pemerintah, karena penanganannya membutuhkan biaya yang besar dan memerlukan teknologi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perilaku merokok dan konsumsi alkohol dengan tingkat health literacy. Penelitian ini merupaka penelitian survey dengan Instrument dalam peneleitian ini menggunakan Indonesian’s Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-SQ10-ISN) yang sudah tervalidasi. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis binary logistic untuk mengetahui nilai OR pengaruh masing-masing variabel. Berdasarkan hasil uji hubungan didapatkan bahwa perilaku merokok berhubungan dengan tingkatHL (pValue: 0,001; OR: 1,871; CI: 1,303-2,688). Secara langsung perilaku merokok merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap tingat HL (pValue: 0,030; OR: 1,543; CI: 1,042-2,285). Seorang perokok memiliki kemungkinan 1,5 kali lebih besar untuk memiliki tingkat HL pada problematic-Inadequate. Pada perilaku konsumsi alkohol juga merupakan faktor yang berhubungan (pValue: 0,001; OR: 2,692; CI: 1,505-4,813) dan berpengaruh (pValue: 0,023; OR: 2,073; CI: 1,108-3,879). Seseorang dengan perilaku kesehatan negative cenderung memiliki tingakt health literacy yang rendah.   Kata Kunci: Perilaku merokok, Perilaku konsumsi alkohol, tingkat health lietarcy

This article identifies and explains the various research models related to HIV stigma. This systematic review is done using the PRISMA 2015 guidelines. Source of this review uses 3 online journal databases which are Pubmed, Scinapse, Elsevier. Search criteria include articles published this past 10 years between 2010 and 2020. 4146 articles were obtained and 9 articles which are suited with the inclusion criteria and were chosen in the literature review. It was discovered that stigmatization is a cultural construct and its experiences varies between countries and communities. Models which differentiate are interpersonal and intrapersonal process in handling the stigma. Stigmas are still an important issues because often times it became an obstacle in the effort to reduce the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Therefore there needs to be a gold standard scenario in reducing HIV related stigma, one of them being cultural in source.

Kader kesehatan merupakan sumber daya puskesmas yang dekat dengan masyarakat. Sebagian besar kegiatan puskesmas di lapangan selalu melibatkan kader kesehatan termasuk dalam kunjungan pasien TB dalam penyidikan epidemiologi. Namun, belum semua kader kesehatan mendapatkan edukasi mengenai TB. Sehingga dalam pengabdian ini dilakukan edukasi pada kader kesehatan tentang tuberkulosis yang meliputi gejala, pengobatan, dan stigma masyrakat terkait tuberkulosis. Pengabdian dilakukan selama 2 jam di aula kelurahan Mangkang. Dalam pengabdian ini dilakukan pengukuran pengetahuan awal pada kader, dimana didapatkan sebagian besar kader menjawab benar terkait gejala dan penyebab TB, namun masih terdapat kader yang merasa bahwa stigma tidak berdampak pada penularan TB dilapangan. Dari hasil pengabdian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kader kesehatan telah berhasil diedukasi terkait stigma TB dan dampaknya terhadap penularan TB di masyarakat. Miskonsepsi TB yang diidentifikasi diawal pengabdian telah berhasil diintervensi dalam proses edukasi dalam pengabdian ini.