Nowadays, the integration of renewable energy sources, especially grid-connected photovoltaic, into electrical power systems, is increasing dramatically. There are several stimulants especially in the Java-Bali power system, including huge solar potential, a national renewable energy (RE) target, regulation support for prosumers, photovoltaic technology development, and multi-year power system planning. However, significant annual photovoltaic penetration can lead to critical issues, including a drop of netload during the day, ramping capability, and minimal load operation for thermal power plants. This study analyses the duck curve phenomenon in the Java-Bali power system that considers high shares of the baseload power plant and specific scenarios in photovoltaic (PV) penetration and electricity demand growth. This study also analyses future netload, need for fast ramping rate capability, and oversupply issues in the Java-Bali power system. The results showed that the duck curve phenomenon appears with a significant netload drop in the middle of the day because of high power generation from grid-connected PV. Furthermore, the need for fast ramp rate capability is critical for a higher peak load combined with the lowest netload valley. Moreover, the significant load growth with high grid-connected PV penetration level caused unit commitment issues for thermal power plants as baseload operators.

Nowadays, data analysis widely used in many fields especially in engineering. Clustering is one of data analysis methods to organize the amount of data into groups with similarity characteristics. One powerful analysis method to learn information by grouping data is clustering algorithms. The clustering advantages for electrical power utilities is to learn load behavior and provide information for power plant operation and also generation cost. In this paper, a simulation concept is proposed for analysis of peak load data by K-means clustering algorithm based on historical dataset. The results show electrical peak loads clustering by K-means algorithm are optimum classified into three clusters. This cluster evaluated by silhouette scores which high, intermediate, and low load level interpretation. One cluster has centroid during January, June, and July are relatively lower than another cluster caused by Indonesia national holiday. This concept also evaluates the load level affected by Covid-19 pandemic condition.

The Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region is a critical contributor to global development from an environmental perspective. This study has reviewed carbon emissions from energy generation, influence factors from the population, economic growth and renewable energy, emission and energy intensity projection, spatial distribution characteristics, and decarbonization strategy. This work utilizes a comparison methodology between ASEAN countries in the emission intensity and energy intensity in the future projection of electricity conditions in 2030 or 2040, as well as opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as determined by the national policies of each government. The results show that Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia produce 79.7% of the electricity in the ASEAN region. As a developing country, Indonesia has the largest population and gross domestic product (GDP) but has the highest predicted emission intensity, of 0.97 CO₂e/MWh, in 2030. Vietnam is predicted to have an emission intensity of about 3.56t-CO₂e/cap and 0.747t-CO₂e/GDP in 2030. Vietnam is expected to increase in energy intensity to 1241 MWh/GDP, while Brunei Darussalam has a high energy intensity of 11.35 MWh/cap. However, the capacity of solar power plants (more than 11 GW) and wind-power plants (2384 MW) have generally increased in ASEAN from 2015 to 2019, indicating the positive development of renewable energy source (RES) use. The national policies strongly influence the estimated GHG emission in ASEAN by aggressively replacing fossil fuels with RESs. Support, via government policies, can reduce the cost of electricity generation from RESs is needed to increase and enhance the installment of clean power generation systems. In future work, the research needs to consider the intermittent characteristics of variable RES in power system operation.

The numeral of academic publications in the microgrid system field has rapidly grown. A microgrid system is a group of interconnected distributed generation, loads, and energy storage operating as a single controllable entity. Many published articles recently focused on distributed generation, system control, system stability, power quality, architectures, and broader focus areas. This work analyzes microgrid: alternating current (AC), direct current (DC), and hybrid AC/DC microgrid systems with bibliometric network analysis through descriptive analysis, authors analysis, sources analysis, words analysis, and evolutionary path based on the Scopus database between 2010 and 2021. The finding helps find out the top authors and most impact sources, most relevant and frequently used in the research title, abstract, and keyword, graphically mapping the research evolved and identifying trend topic.

Renewable energy has gained interest as the mean of providing energy supply in isolated island, especially in tourism destination islands. Security of supply and environmental impact become the main drivers to reduce the use of fossil fuel in supplying electricity in remote area together with economic aspect. Integrating renewable energy in the energy system of the remote island can significantly reduce the use of fossil fuel while maintaining reliability of supply and impact the system environmentally and economically. Tomia island is one of tourist destination islands (part of Wakatobi) in Indonesia which are supplied using diesel-solar photovoltaic (PV) microgrid system. Currently the island is supplied mainly from diesel generator with small portion of PV. This paper evaluates the implication of renewable energy penetration in the system economic wise. Multi energy optimization software was used to evaluate several scenarios of the system including current installed system and optimal renewable energy supply configuration of the system. Impact of fossil fuel price volatility to the microgrid system was also explored and provided. The paper aims to provide insights around options for integration of renewable energy and energy storage in Tomia.