The rapid expansion of the fast fashion industry brings about environmental concerns such as dyestuffs-related water pollutions and waste textiles. Conventional wastewater-disposal strategies emphasize the optimization of photocatalytic activity to improve pollutant degradation efficiency, while the absorptivity, recyclability and sustainability of photocatalysts are always ignored. The overproduced textiles are still in urgent of being recycled and reutilized in eco-friendly approaches. In this work, a scalable dyeing technology is employed to achieve green and sustainable reutilization of waste textiles. The functionalized TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide wool fabrics show excellent sustainability, remarkable adsorbing capacity and enhanced photocatalytic performance. By taking advantage of these properties, we develop an integrated strategy of night-time adsorption and day-time photodegradation which could significantly optimize the dyestuffs degradation efficiency. The concept of waste textiles reutilization and wastewater treatment in this work provides practical potential for efficient and sustainable environmental remediation. Graphical abstract Concept of waste textiles reutilization and wastewater treatment.

Multiple strain sensors are required to identify individual forces/stresses on human joints and recognize how they work together in order to determine the motion’s direction and trajectory. However, current sensors cannot detect and differentiate the individual forces/stresses and their contributions to the motion from the sensors’ electrical signals. To address this critical issue, we propose a concept of unimodal tension, bend, shear, and twist strain sensors with piezoelectric poly L-lactic acid films. We then construct an integrated unimodal sensor (i-US) using the unimodal sensors and prove that the i-US can detect and differentiate individual strain modes, such as tensioning, bending, shearing, and twisting in complex motion. To demonstrate the potential impact of unimodal sensors, we design a sleeve and a glove with the i-US that can capture wrist motions and finger movements. Therefore, we expect unimodal strain sensors to provide a turning point in developing motion recognition and control systems.

Graphene fiber materials have emerged as key enablers in the advancement of wearable electronics due to their outstanding electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and flexibility. This review explores the fabrication techniques of graphene fibers, including wet spinning, electrospinning and dry spinning, which have been refined to produce high-performance fibers tailored for various wearable applications. Graphene fibers demonstrate exceptional functionality in wearable sensing technologies, such as strain, pressure and humidity sensors, while also showing promises in flexible energy storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries. Moreover, fabrication techniques like weaving, spinning and additional encapsulations have enabled the integration of graphene fibers into smart textiles, enhancing flexibility and durability. These methods ensure seamless electronic integration into fabrics for applications in flexible displays and wearable systems. By summarizing all the advances of graphene fibers in wearable electronics, this review provides a roadmap for future research directions. Future developments will focus on enhancing structural performance, hybridization with other materials and scalable fabrication techniques to support commercialization. These advancements position graphene fibers as a critical material for next-generation wearable electronics, offering seamless integration of functionality, comfort and durability. Graphical Abstract

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) offer solutions to challenges intrinsic to low-temperature PEMFCs, such as complex water management, fuel inflexibility, and thermal integration. However, they are hindered by phosphoric acid (PA) leaching and catalyst migration, which destabilize the critical three-phase interface within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). This study presents an innovative approach to enhance HT-PEMFC performance through membrane modification using picosecond laser scribing, which optimises the three-phase interface by forming a graphene-like structure that mitigates PA leaching. Our results demonstrate that laser-induced modification of PA-doped membranes, particularly on the cathode side, significantly enhances the performance and durability of HT-PEMFCs, achieving a peak power density of 817.2 mW cm⁻² after accelerated stress testing, representing a notable 58.2% increase compared to untreated membranes. Furthermore, a comprehensive three-dimensional multi-physics model, based on X-ray micro-computed tomography data, was employed to visualise and quantify the impact of this laser treatment on the dynamic electrochemical processes within the MEA. Hence, this work provides both a scalable methodology to stabilise an important future membrane technology, and a clear mechanistic understanding of how this targeted laser modification acts to optimise the three-phase interface of HT-PEMFCs, which can have impact across a wide array of applications.