The paper focuses on research on improving the water supply of drainage systems of humid areas in the context of anthropogenic climate change. The aim of the research is to elaborate on the ways for increasing the available water supply of drainage systems and restoring active water regulation on reclaimed lands in a changing climate. Reclaimed lands are the main factor of sustainable agricultural production in Ukraine and guarantors of its stability. The area of drained lands in Ukraine is about 3.2 million hectares, including 2.3 million hectares drained with the help of closed drainage; in an area of 1.3 million hectares a two-way regulation of the soil water regime is carried out. An increase in air temperature and uneven distribution of precipitation, which has a torrential, local character in the warm period, do not allow for the e ective accumulation of moisture. The recurrence of droughts in di erent justified climatic zones of Ukraine has increased by 20–40%, which prevents sustainable agricultural production in the zone of su cient atmospheric moisture, in particular the Polesie Ecoregion. In this paper, the analysis of water consumption of reclaimed lands in the Polesie Ecoregion of Ukraine is carried out, on the examples of the drainage system “Maryanivka” and the calculation of the water supply for the corn and winter wheat.

The paper focuses on research on improving the water supply of drainage systems of humid areas in the context of climate change. The aim of the research is to elaborate on the ways for increasing the available water supply of drainage systems and restoring active water regulation on reclaimed lands in a changing climate. The paper presents the results of the research on improving the available water supply of drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine in a changing climate. It was specified in the face of increasing water scarcity providing the optimal water regime regulation on drained lands is possible due to the increase in the available water supply of drainage systems. It can be achieved thanks to the accumulating capacity of reclaimed areas, namely usage of free soil capacity of the aeration zone and open canals, accumulation of water reserve volumes in storage tanks due to the accumulation of surface and drainage runoff. Taking into account the design features of different types of drainage systems, existing water management technologies, characteristics of water sources and their close proximity to the drainage systems, the technological schemes of water intake from rivers and reservoirs, and its supply to the drained areas for irrigation needs were developed. In a face of increasing water scarcity, it is also expedient to apply resource-saving technologies to control the available water supply for crops.

In modern conditions of climate change and agricultural use of drained lands, there is a need for efficient production with the introduction of new or improved technologies for growing economically attractive crops that can ensure sustainable harvests, environmentally safe production, and minimize all costs, including water resources. By implementing a resource-saving technology of water regulation of drained lands during the cultivation of perennial grasses, the saving of water resources is 48,700 m3/year, the consumed electricity is 5.7%/ year. The saving of water resources during the cultivation of corn for silage was 670 m3/ha, and the costs of operating the sluices decreased by 2-3 times. Compliance with the technological parameters of water regulation during the cultivation of paiza, amaranth and fodder beans made it possible to increase the yield of cultivated crops by 15-20%, ensure the saving of water resources by up to 25% and obtain the economic effect.

This chapter considered qualitatively different approaches to the water regime model of drained lands implementation. The fundamental difference of these approaches is that the regime forecast calculations on a long-term basis are performed for schematized natural reclamation conditions by typing meteorological regimes in the calculation periods of vegetation, appropriate schematization, and parameterization of water regulation of drained lands. Secondly, it is proposed in the framework of the balance equation to perform based on certain patterns, to calculate the process of water regime based on the relationship and interdependence of its elements at the boundaries and in connection with the process of redistribution of moisture within the active layer of soil in relation to its moisture content and storage capacity. Considered methods and models of water regime allow determining both potentially possible due to meteorological and agrotechnical conditions and effective values of irrigation norms in the development of design modes of irrigation by irrigation and subsoil at drained lands.

Modern agricultural production is under the direct influence of climatic changes, which is also reflected in the water regime formation of the soil during the cultivation of crops. Calculations were made and graphical materials were created for average daily, average decadal, and average monthly values of temperatures and the amount of precipitation per day, month, and year. The influence of modern climatic factors on the water regime formation of the soil (according to the data of the weather station of the city of Kovel, Volyn region) over the last 11-year period has been established. It was determined that the distribution of precipitation is as follows: the share of light precipitation (< 3 mm) is on average 13.9%, moderate (4–14 mm) is 43.3%, significant (15–49 mm) is 36.4%, strong (50–79 mm) is 5.4%, and extraordinary (80–100 mm) is 1% of the total amount. It was determined that the active layer of the soil is formed due to the influence of moderate and significant precipitation. Informational materials on the distribution of atmospheric precipitation by year in quantitative and percentage indicators and their repeatability are presented in an interactive visual report with graphic materials (dashboard), which allows the processing of large arrays of data. It was determined that modern climatic changes (increased air temperature, uneven distribution, change in the nature, intensity, and structure of precipitation, and the increase in the number of cases of heavy downpours that are local in the warm period of the year) don’t allow for the effective accumulation of moisture in the active soil layer. The obtained information materials are the basis for developing a methodology for substantiating the parameters of the management of the soil-water regime on reclaimed lands, taking into account the peculiarities of its formation in modern economic conditions and climate changes.

The simultaneous influence of hydrogen H and ultrasound deformation on internal friction Q ⁻¹ and dynamic elastic modulus E of intermetallic Ti₃Al alloy after cutting and polishing were studied. The relaxation maximum of internal friction Q ⁻¹ _M1 at temperature Т _М1 ≈ 398 К, conditioned by the mechanism caused by reorientation interstitial atoms in dumbbell configurations H-H was discovered. Internal friction maximum Q ⁻¹ _M2 in intermetallic Ti₃Al at temperature T _M2 ≈ 439 K was discovered with an activation energy H ₂ = 0.86±0.1 eV. 2D and 3D atomic force microscopy microstructure images of Ti (VT8) alloy after mechanical and thermal treatment are presented. Strengthening of Ti alloys is related to the cooperation of dislocations with point defects.