Changing climate can strongly affect tree growth and forest productivity. The dendrochronological approach to assessing the impact of climate change on tree growth is possible through climate–growth correlation analysis. This study uses an individual tree-based approach to model Pinus wallichiana (P. wallichiana) radial growth response to climate across the physiographic gradients in the lower distributional range of Nepal. This study sampled six sites across the Makwanpur district of central Nepal that varied in elevation and aspect, obtaining 180 tree-ring series. Climate data series were obtained from Climate Research Unit (CRU 4.0). The pair correlation approach was used to assess P. wallichiana growth response to climate and site-level physiographic variables such as site-level environmental stress. The study also determined long-term growth trends across the elevation and aspect gradients. Trees at sites with higher elevation and northeast aspect (NEA) were more responsive to winter and spring precipitation, whereas trees with lower elevation and northwest aspect (NWA) were more responsive to winter and spring precipitation. Basal area increment (BAI) analysis showed the variation of growth at site-level environmental stress, suggesting that the sensitivity of forest ecosystems to changing climate will vary across the lower growth limit of P. wallichiana due to differences in local physiographic conditions.

Nepal is the rich source of NTFPs species which are well known for its medicinal properties. The aim of this review is to collect the information of Cassia Fistula Linn and explore its medicinal importance. Only secondary data were used to finalize this paper. The result shows that among the medicinal plants, Cassia fistula Linn is also one of the crucial NTFP plant holding valuable medicinal properties. Cassia fistula Linn is commonly known as Rajbriksha and Bandar ko lathi in Nepali. It is also known as a yellow shower tree due to its beautiful and attractive yellow flowers. All parts such as seeds, flowers, bark, leaves, fruits, roots of this tree possess great importance of medicine. It is considered as one of the important valuable medicinal tree. In traditional medicine, this tree is used to cure various diseases such as fever, bronchitis, leprosy, dry cough, skin disease, heart problem, constipation, diabetes, malaria, stomach disorder, burning sensation. Rajbriksha possess various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antiperiodic, anthelmintic, anti-oxidant, anti-fertility activities. It also possess diuretic, febrifuge, tonic, laxative, cooling, purgative properties. The fruit, bark, leaves, seeds, flowers, roots contain numerous chemical constituents like calcium, iron, potassium, manganese, lipeol, tannins, glucosides, sennosides, rhein, fistulin, alkaloids, acetate, flavonoids. This article aims to provide the review on morphology, distribution, chemical constituent, traditional uses of Cassia fistula Linn.

Plant-based medicines have been used to maintain health and treat disease since the dawn of civilization. The present review focuses on studies that have been done on the characteristics of T. cordifolia to see if they may be used to combat COVID-19 Pandemic. During the review, various methodological activities were involved from developing the review concept, reviewing the articles, analyzing them, and finally writing the paper. The result shows that herbal medicine is used by 80% of the world’s population for some aspect of basic health care. T. cordifolia is a medicinal plant which is a useful home remedy for chronic fever, as it calms burning sensations and boosts energy and hunger. Glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, diterpenoid lactones, sesquiterpenoid, and aliphatic chemicals are the most common substances found in this herb. Scientific research on this medicine could lead to a novel method as well as knowledge into COVID-19 prevention, management, and the development of a new therapeutic component.