Sedentarismo y obesidad en pediatría: la otra pandemia

Heart rate variability (HRV) corresponds to variations in heart rate or beat-beat time interval. This parameter reflects the status of the autonomic mechanisms of cardiovascular control, which may be influenced by changes characteristic of the life cycle of people, sedentary lifestyle, and various disease processes that directly or indirectly generate changes in the HRV and shift the autonomic balance, either towards greater sympathetic or parasympathetic influence on the heart. These antecedents support the use of HRV indices for the diagnosis and monitoring of various nosological entities in adults. However, there has been limited progress in the study of temporal variations in heart rhythm in the pediatric population. This article aims to describe the physiological and technical aspects of HRV in the pediatric population to provide a background that allows optimizing the application of these parameters in this age group.

Palabras clave: Ejercicio; Conducta sedentaria; Niños; Adolescentes; COVID-19; Pandemia; Calidad de vida

Objective: To evaluate the strength of respiratory muscles and to compare maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure and MEP/MIP ratio between patients with chronic respiratory diseases and healthy individuals. Methods: Case-control study. Individuals with neuromuscular disease and post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans were considered. In addition, they were also matched according to anthropometric and demographic characteristics with healthy children and adolescents. MIP, MEP in the three groups, and pulmonary function only in patients with chronic respiratory diseases were recorded. Results: A total of 52 subjects with CRD (25 with neuromuscular disease, and 27 with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans) and 85 healthy individuals were included, with an average age of 11.3±2.1 years. Patients with neuromuscular disease and post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans presented lower MIP and MEP when compared with healthy individuals, although MEP/MIP ratio was lower in patients with neuromuscular disease (0.87±0.3) and higher in patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (1.1±0.3) compared to the healthy group (0.97±0.2). Only in patients with neuromuscular disease a negative correlation was observed between MEP/MIP ratio and age (r=-0.50; p=0.01). Conclusions: Differences in the pattern of muscular weakness between patients with chronic respiratory diseases were observed. In patients with neuromuscular disease, a decrease in the MEP/MIP ratio depending on MIP was verified; and in those patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans, an increase in the MEP/MIP ratio depending on MIP was also observed.

<!--Texto completo:--> FULL TEXT <!--GALEY ICONS--> <!-- END ICONS--> PDF <!--GALEY ICONS--> <!-- END ICONS--> PDF (ENG) La escala EPInfant ha sido validada para la estimación perceptual del esfuerzo físico en niños chilenos, pero se desconoce su utilidad para la autorregulación de la intensidad del ejercicio. Objetivo: evaluar la validez de criterio de la escala EPInfant para regular y reproducir la intensidad de ejercicio en una muestra de niños sanos. Sujetos y Método: Se seleccionaron 15 niños entre 8 y 12 años, en quienes se realizó un test de carga incremental (TCI) y tres pruebas de regulación perceptual (PRP) en trotadora. Las pruebas se realizaron con un intervalo de 48 horas entre ellas. En la PRP, la carga de trabajo se ajustó perceptualmente durante 5 minutos, considerando aleatoriamente los niveles 3, 6 y 9 de la escala EPInfant. Se consideró el promedio de la FC durante la PRP como la intensidad reproducida perceptualmente. Se empleó análisis de varianza, regresión lineal simple y análisis de confiabilidad para determinar la reproducibilidad de la FC durante la PRP. Resultados: Existió diferencia significativa en la FC entre los niveles perceptivos durante la PRP (p < 0,001). Adicionalmente, se observó correlación entre la FC durante el TCI y la PRP (r = 0,83; r2 = 0,69). El coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,76, 0,83 y 0,93 en los niveles perceptivos 3, 6 y 9; y la discordancia media entre la FC durante el TCI y la PRP fue de -2,4 lat/min. Conclusión: En la muestra estudiada, la escala EPInfant fue válida para permitir la regulación y reproducción perceptual de la intensidad del ejercicio en trotadora.