The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a widely used tool for assessing the risk of falls in older adults. However, to increase the test’s predictive value, the instrumented Timed Up and Go (iTUG) test has been developed, incorporating different technological approaches. This systematic review aims to explore the evidence of the technological proposal for the segmentation and analysis of iTUG in elderlies with or without pathologies. A search was conducted in five major databases, following PRISMA guidelines. The review included 40 studies that met the eligibility criteria. The most used technology was inertial sensors (75% of the studies), with healthy elderlies (35%) and elderlies with Parkinson’s disease (32.5%) being the most analyzed participants. In total, 97.5% of the studies applied automatic segmentation using rule-based algorithms. The iTUG test offers an economical and accessible alternative to increase the predictive value of TUG, identifying different variables, and can be used in clinical, community, and home settings.

Objective: To evaluate the strength of respiratory muscles and to compare maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure and MEP/MIP ratio between patients with chronic respiratory diseases and healthy individuals. Methods: Case-control study. Individuals with neuromuscular disease and post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans were considered. In addition, they were also matched according to anthropometric and demographic characteristics with healthy children and adolescents. MIP, MEP in the three groups, and pulmonary function only in patients with chronic respiratory diseases were recorded. Results: A total of 52 subjects with CRD (25 with neuromuscular disease, and 27 with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans) and 85 healthy individuals were included, with an average age of 11.3±2.1 years. Patients with neuromuscular disease and post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans presented lower MIP and MEP when compared with healthy individuals, although MEP/MIP ratio was lower in patients with neuromuscular disease (0.87±0.3) and higher in patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (1.1±0.3) compared to the healthy group (0.97±0.2). Only in patients with neuromuscular disease a negative correlation was observed between MEP/MIP ratio and age (r=-0.50; p=0.01). Conclusions: Differences in the pattern of muscular weakness between patients with chronic respiratory diseases were observed. In patients with neuromuscular disease, a decrease in the MEP/MIP ratio depending on MIP was verified; and in those patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans, an increase in the MEP/MIP ratio depending on MIP was also observed.

Introduction: In pediatrics, it is decisive to assess the severity of bronchial obstruction; to this end, different clinical scoring scales have been developed, including the modified Tal score. The objective of this study was to determine its validity and reliability in children seen at two emergency departments of Concepcion, Chile. Population and methods: Prospective, cohort study. Children younger than 36 months old diagnosed with bronchitis and/or bronchiolitis during the winter and spring months of 2015 were included. Concurrent criterion validity was determined based on the correlation between the score and oxygen saturation, as a reference standard. Predictive validity was assessed based on the association between the score and the probability of a new visit to the emergency department in the following 7 days. The area under the ROC curve was estimated. Reliability between kinesiologists and physicians was established based on the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 102 children were assessed; a weak correlation between the score and oxygen saturation was observed among kinesiologists (Rho = -0.41). An association was observed between the score and the probability of a new visit to the emergency department. The area under the curve measured by both health care providers was > 0.80. Inter-observer reliability between physicians and kinesiologists showed a weak correlation (ICC = 0.17). Conclusions: The modified Tal score shows an adequate predictive validity, but a poor validity when correlated to oxygen saturation, and a weak inter-observer reliability.

La bronquiolitis aguda es la principal causa de hospitalización en lactantes, existiendo escasos tratamientos farmacológicos con eficacia demostrada. Dado que el sulfato de magnesio (MgSO4) ha mostrado beneficios en el manejo del asma, se ha propuesto como posible terapia adyuvante, sin embargo, la evidencia sigue siendo limitada. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del MgSO4, comparada con terapia estándar con o sin placebo, para reducir síntomas y tiempo de hospitalización en lactantes con bronquiolitis. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA). Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, registros de ensayos clínicos, literatura gris y revisión de bibliografías (última búsqueda: 2 diciembre 2025). Se incluyeron estudios que consideraron lactantes menores de 24 meses con bronquiolitis aguda. Se evaluó riesgo de sesgo con ROB2. Se realizó metaanálisis con modelo de efectos aleatorios. La variable resultado primaria fue la respuesta clínica (a 1 hora y 3-4 horas) y la secundaria, fue el tiempo de estadía hospitalaria. Los resultados se sintetizaron usando diferencias de medias estandarizadas (SMD) y diferencias de medias (DM). Resultados: Se incluyeron cuatro ECA (n=401). El MgSO4 no mostró diferencias significativas frente a terapia estándar en la mejoría clínica a 1 hora (SMD: 0,17 IC95 % -0,23 a 0,57) ni a 3–4 horas (SMD: -0,07 IC95 % -0,32 a 0,19). El tiempo de hospitalización tampoco presentó diferencias relevantes (DM: -0,34 horas IC95 % -3,39 a 2,72). La certeza de la evidencia fue calificada como baja a moderada según GRADE. Conclusiones: El Sulfato de Magnesio no ofrece beneficios clínicamente significativos en reducción de síntomas, ni en tiempo de hospitalización en bronquiolitis aguda. De acuerdo con el enfoque GRADE, existe una recomendación débil en contra de su uso rutinario en lactantes con bronquiolitis aguda, basada en evidencia de baja a moderada certeza.