Sedentarism is one of the main risk factors for the onset of cardiometabolic diseases. Some biomarkers, such as heart rate variability (HRV), have been largely studied and found to be involved in the genesis of the dysfunctions associated with sedentary behavior. However, comparatively few studies have focused on the female sex. The objective of this study was to analyze the hemodynamic, autonomic and quality of life parameters at rest and in response to mental stress of sedentary and physically active young women. A total of 96 women, 18–30 years of age, were divided into sedentary (SW = 48) and active (AW = 48) groups. Anthropometric, hemodynamic and quality of life parameters were evaluated and the R‐R interval was recorded to quantify the cardiac autonomic modulation at rest and in response to the Stroop Color Test. The groups were similar in age, weight, height, body mass index, fat percentage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values and glycemia. The physical health domain of quality of life was compromised in the SW group. The SW group presented higher heart rate, lower variance of RR interval and RMSSD and higher cardiac sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) both at rest and in response to the mental stress test. We concluded that sedentary lifestyle in women induces impairment in autonomic cardiac modulation at rest and in response to physiological stress, compromising the quality of life, even before altering any cardiovascular or metabolic clinical parameters, reinforcing the potential role of HRV as early marker of cardiovascular risk in this population.

Introduction Regular physical exercise, or a more active lifestyle, are important to prevent cardiovascular diseases, reducing not only cardiovascular mortality but also promoting a reduction in the risk factors related to these diseases. Objective To assess the association between physical inactivity and heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of the Diagnostic Type with Level of Evidence II according to the Oxford table. One hundred and twenty-nine adolescents were evaluated, aged 15 and 17 years old, divided into four groups: male teenagers who were insufficiently active (IAM n = 28) or physically active (FAM n = 29), and female teenagers who were insufficiently active (IAF n = 42) or physically active (FAF n = 30). The level of physical activity was assessed by the IPAQ. The HRV was evaluated in the time and frequency domains. Results Reduced pulse interval variance was observed in the insufficiently active male or female groups (5089 ± 378 ms2 and 4335 ± 276 ms2 respectively) compared to the physically active groups (9106 ± 606 ms2 and 6182 ± 366 ms2 respectively). Moreover, the insufficiently active groups presented higher cardiac sympathetic/vagal balance values (0.81 ± 0.05 and 0.80 ± 0.05 respectively) compared to the physically active groups (0.63 ± 0.05 and 0.55 ± 0.05 respectively). Conclusion A physically active lifestyle was associated with better cardiovascular autonomic modulation in adolescents. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

Introduction Some studies suggest that playing tennis brings benefits for the anthropometric and metabolic profile of those who practice it, reducing the risk of mortality more significantly than other sports. In addition, changes in cardiovascular autonomic regulation have been highlighted as a common factor in the development of cardiometabolic disorders. Objective To evaluate and compare hemodynamic parameters and cardiovascular autonomic modulation among former tennis players who still play the sport (ET), adults who play recreational tennis (TR), and adults classified as sedentary (S). Methods Thirty-four men aged between 23 and 45 years participated in the study. They were divided into 3 groups: ET, TR and S. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were evaluated and the R-R interval was recorded to quantify the cardiac autonomic modulation at rest. Results Similar values were observed between groups for blood pressure, waist circumference and body mass index. The amount of moderate and vigorous physical activities of the ET group was higher than that of the TR group. The ET presented resting bradycardia associated with increased pulse interval (PI) variance and high-frequency PI, and a reduction in low-frequency PI compared to the other groups studied. Reduced cardiac sympathovagal balance was observed in the ET group (1.7 ± 0.1) and TR group (2.5 ± 0.2) compared to the S group (3.2 ± 0.2); however, this change was exacerbated in the ET group compared to the TR group. Conclusion The results suggest that playing tennis induces beneficial changes in cardiac autonomic modulation that appear to be intensified as the volume of physical activity increases, suggesting that this practice is beneficial in the management of cardiovascular risk. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

Objetivo: Este trabalho busca analisar o risco cardiovascular de escolares insuficiente e suficientemente ativos por meio da Razão Cintura-Estatura (RCE) em adolescentes. Métodos: Foi realizado em uma escola da rede pública de ensino fundamental com 101 escolares. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da aplicação do questionário Physical Activity Questionaire for Older Adolescents (PAQ-A), índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e RCE. Para a análise dos dados, empregou-se o método estatístico descritivo e inferencial, a homogeneidade das variâncias dos grupos foi verificada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, e utilizou-se o teste t de amostras independentes em todas as comparações. Os resultados foram apresentados como média ± desvio-padrão da média, o nível de significância adotado foi de p < 0,05, e todos os testes estatísticos foram realizados no software SPSS versão 20.0. Resultados: 63,4% dos escolares foram classificados como insuficientemente ativos; 21% apresentaram sobrepeso; 9,9% estavam com risco aumentado à saúde; os alunos insuficientemente ativos apresentaram maiores valores de RCE (p = 0,021), e o sobrepeso foi associado diretamente com o aumento da RCE (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Os dados apresentados evidenciaram que há uma associação entre a RCE e o estilo de vida como preditores de riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes. Salienta-se a importância de ações que visem à estratificação de fatores de Risco Cardiovascular (RCV) através da EFE, de maneira que o conhecimento adquirido em relação à saúde dos escolares seja atrelado a sua rotina após os anos.

The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the need for the population to maintain social distancing due to the high degree of contagion, has caused social and economic changes around the world. The school is a support for the development of children and adolescents, who in a pandemic situation and social isolation, may have their developmental levels seriously compromised. The objective was to analyze publications that evaluated motor impairment and the level of physical activity in children during the social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an integrative literature review study. The search in the databases resulted in a total of 10 articles found, which after reading the titles and abstracts, 4 articles were selected, however, 2 were included in the discussion of the work because they answered the objective of the research. The social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the physical activity routine of children, thus bringing several physical and mental consequences, such as a sedentary lifestyle and delayed motor development.

Este estudo analisa a interação entre o estado nutricional, fatores socioeconômicos e desempenho acadêmico em crianças e adolescentes. A revisão sintetiza descobertas de diversos estudos para elucidar a relação complexa entre essas variáveis e seu impacto nos resultados educacionais. Trata-se de revisão integrativa de literatura, cuja pesquisa é exploratória e descritiva, investigando as interações entre nutrição, status socioeconômico e desempenho escolar. A análise confirma que uma nutrição inadequada, caracterizada por deficiências em micronutrientes essenciais como ferro, zinco e vitaminas, afeta significativamente o desenvolvimento cognitivo e o desempenho acadêmico. Crianças com deficiências nutricionais apresentam maior propensão a dificuldades de aprendizagem, desempenho inferior em testes padronizados e taxas mais altas de repetência escolar. Além disso, o status socioeconômico surge como um determinante crucial do desempenho acadêmico. Pois, famílias de baixa renda enfrentam múltiplos desafios que prejudicam o desempenho escolar de seus filhos. Portanto, crianças de famílias de baixa renda são mais propensas a enfrentar uma alimentação deficiente devido a restrições financeiras e acesso limitado a alimentos saudáveis. Isso cria um ciclo onde a pobreza e a má nutrição se reforçam mutuamente, prejudicando o desempenho acadêmico.Intervenções eficazes, como programas de alimentação escolar e apoio socioeconômico, têm mostrado sucesso na melhoria do desempenho acadêmico. Estes garantem que todas as crianças recebam ao menos uma refeição nutritiva por dia, independentemente de sua origem socioeconômica, melhorando a concentração e aprendizado.