O leite caprino é utilizado há décadas em substituição aos demais leites por estar associado a melhor digestibilidade, menor alergenicidade e potenciais benefícios à saúde do consumidor. A indústria láctea ocasionalmente descarta subprodutos como o soro do leite de cabra, um líquido amarelado, que pode ser obtido pela fabricação de queijos ou pela precipitação ácida das caseínas. O soro é a fração solúvel do leite que contém diversos componentes remanescentes notoriamente interessantes, como as proteínas, presentes na forma de um pool proteico, que tem potencial de apresentar diferentes atividades biológicas, bem como, propriedades tecnológicas de grande interesse. A hidrólise das proteínas do soro do leite caprino demonstra ser um processamento eficaz para obtenção de moléculas bioativas que devido a sua funcionalidade tem grande potencial para serem microencapsuladas. Assim essa revisão da literatura de maneira geral compila apenas estudos envolvendo o leite caprino, e faz um apanhado a respeito da composição do leite caprino e o desenvolvimento da caprinocultura leiteira. Bem como busca enfatizar as proteínas e peptídeos do soro do leite caprino e as bioatividades a quais estas são relacionadas, de maneira a gerar um maior entendimento sobre suas características tecnológicas, atividades biológicas e funcionais possibilitando reunir conhecimentos de uma fonte proteica com diversos benefícios a saúde que geralmente é descartada, e pode ser melhor aproveitado pela indústria, proporcionando geração de renda para aqueles que sobrevivem desta atividade agropecuária.

This study elaborated different formulations with xique-xique (Pilosocereus gounellei) cladode, passion fruit and lime juice and sugar cane syrup. The formulated beverages were subjected to physical and physicochemical analysis, determination of total carotenoid, total flavonoid and total phenolic compound contents, as well as of their antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP method), organic acid, sugar and phenolic compound profile during 21 days of refrigeration storage (4 °C). Significant variations were found among formulated beverages for most of the measured parameters during storage. Beverages with xique-xique juice were less acidic (7.90–10.27 g/100 mL) than beverages without this juice (11.66–12.76 g/100 mL). Beverages with xique-xique juice had overall higher contents of bioactive compounds and higher antioxidant activity when compared to the control formulation. Beverages with the highest xique-xique juice concentrations had the highest contents of carotenoids (51.51–59.27 µg/100 mL), flavonoids (1.39–2.15 mg CE/100 mL), phenolic compounds (68.49–115.66 mg EGA/100 mL) and antioxidant activity, as measured by ABTS (0.71–0.84 µmol Trolox/mL) and FRAP (0.33–0.39 µmol Trolox/mL). These results indicate that the incorporation of xique-xique cladode juice in these mixed beverages enhanced their bioactive properties, especially of antioxidant compounds, enabling the development of a new product with potential functional properties to the beverage industry.

This study evaluated the effects of adding the autochthonous cultures Limosilactobacillus mucosae CNPC007 (LM) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNPC003 (LP), originally isolated from goat milk and goat cheese, respectively, on microbiological safety, microbiota composition (analyzed through 16S rRNA gene metataxonomic sequencing), and biogenic amine (BA) production in artisanal goat (coalho) cheese made from raw or pasteurized milk during 60 days of ripening at 10 °C. Six types of cheese were produced, varying in milk treatment (raw or pasteurized) and the presence or absence of LP or LM cultures. Adding either LP or LM significantly modulated the microbiota, favoring Streptococcus dominance and reducing overall bacterial diversity compared to non-inoculated cheeses. Raw milk cheeses with added autochthonous cultures exhibited a microbial profile like pasteurized cheeses, suggesting a homogenizing effect on the microbiome. Both cultures effectively reduced microbial load in raw milk cheeses after 20 days, reaching levels comparable to pasteurized cheeses by the end of ripening. Although BA concentrations increased over time, all samples remained within safe limits. Cheeses with LP addition exhibited lower BA levels, suggesting a modulating effect on their biosynthesis. Histamine concentrations were higher in raw milk cheeses with added cultures but remained well below hazardous levels. These findings suggest that incorporating either LP or LM strains is a promising strategy for enhancing the microbial safety and standardization of artisanal goat cheese while preserving its traditional characteristics.