This paper presents the development of a new complete wearable system for detecting breast tumors based on fully textile antenna-based sensors. The proposed sensor is compact and fully made of textiles so that it fits conformably and comfortably on the breasts with dimensions of 24 × 45 × 0.17 mm³ on a cotton substrate. The proposed antenna sensor is fed with a coplanar waveguide feed for easy integration with other systems. It realizes impedance bandwidth from 1.6 GHz up to 10 GHz at |S₁₁| ≤ −6 dB (VSWR ≤ 3) and from 1.8 to 2.4 GHz and from 4 up to 10 GHz at |S₁₁| ≤ −10 dB (VSWR ≤ 2). The proposed sensor acquires a low specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.55 W/kg and 0.25 W/kg at 1g and 10 g, respectively, at 25 dBm power level over the operating band. Furthermore, the proposed system utilizes machine-learning algorithms (MLA) to differentiate between malignant tumor and benign breast tissues. Simulation examples have been recorded to verify and validate machine-learning algorithms in detecting tumors at different sizes of 10 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The classification accuracy reached 100% on the tested dataset when considering $\left|{\mathrm{S}}_{21}\right|$ parameter features. The proposed system is vision as a “Smart Bra” that is capable of providing an easy interface for women who require continuous breast monitoring in the comfort of their homes.

Wearable devices are currently of great importance in developing health management and care applications and devices especially for early breast cancer detection (BCD). This is supported by the novel innovations in materials and techniques to construct highly accurate and comfortable biosensors for wearables. In this paper, the proposed flexible sensor is integrated with a Bra to realize a wearable breast cancer detection system. The proposed antenna-based sensor is composed of a CPW monopole antenna with an overall compact size of 24 × 45 mm ² on flexible PCB Roger substrate with thickness 0.17 mm. The proposed sensors have enough bandwidth from 1.5 to 8 GHz at -6 dB reflection coefficient and conformal structure for biological structures and biocompatibility. The specific absorption rate (SAR) has been calculated and measured for the proposed sensor with a value of 0.75 W/kg at 0 dBm to ensure safety level. For testing, real shaped rubber phantoms from medical school enables the dynamic combination of breast and tumor to create test scenarios for breast cancer detection. 2×2 antenna-based sensors elements are placed around the breast phantom to gather data on scattering parameters for tumor characterization. Several simulation and measurement scenarios are presented to validate detection, optimum number of sensors to be used as well as training data for developed detection algorithms. Artificial intelligence techniques are used among which the CAT-Boost technique for scanning collected data and identifying the undesired tumor component inside the breast.