Amidst the pressing concerns of sustainability, it is of utmost importance to prioritize the adoption of reusable bottles to combat plastic waste and encourage pro-environmental behavior (PEB). Moreover, social norms, particularly those within the family, are believed to have the potential to foster the development of PEB. The study investigates how injunctive and descriptive norms influence individuals’ intentions and behaviors regarding pro-environmental behavior (PEB). Additionally, the researchers analyze the communication aspect to evaluate its significance in promoting PEB. The research entailed conducting a cross-sectional survey with 670 respondents in Indonesia who belong to the Generation Z demographic, specifically aged between 18 and 25 years old. The study results indicate that descriptive and injunctive norms are influential factors in determining individuals’ intention to engage in PEB. Besides, the researchers discovered that the intention to engage in PEB is an intermediary in the correlation between descriptive and injunctive norms and PEB behaviors. Another notable finding is that the social media platform Instagram can moderate the influence of intention on PEB behaviors. The study also delves into the theoretical and practical contributions of these findings.

Background. Teenagers who are into sports seek information about their sport, including information about their idol athletes. Idol athletes use social media platforms to distribute information to build their brand image among their fans. One of the social media platforms currently widely used by teenagers as well as by athletes to establish the athletes’ brand is Instagram. One type of information about athletes spread on Instagram includes aspects of athletic performance. Referring to the athlete brand image model, they reveal that athletic performance contains elements of sportsmanship. Sportsmanship is a material embedded in sports education as well as an attitude that each adolescent should develop. Study purpose. The purpose of this study was to elicit an overview of the effect of exposure to information about athletic performance on social media as well as its relationship with idolizing and the formation of sportsmanship values within themselves, both expressed directly and through online media. Materials and methods. The respondents of this study were 580 adolescents who actively took part in sports activity units at their respective schools and universities. This study applied means to compare followed by simple regression analysis. Results. The results show that adolescents prefer information that contains elements of sportsmanship, and rivalry. Exposure to information related to athletic performance disseminated by athletes through social media affects adolescents’ idolizing attitudes. Idolizing attitude also affects adolescents’ sportsmanship shown directly, however, it does not significantly affect sportsmanship being expressed through social media. Conclusions. Adolescents in different sociodemographic categories have different preferences in selecting information related to athletic performance from their idolized athletes on social media. The formation of sportsmanship in adolescents can be supported by their exposure to information that is related to athletic performance.

Background: Journalism and public relations are two fields that collaborate and compete with each other. Several studies have confirmed this dualism, where both terminologies are interrelated in the same scientific publication. Purpose: This study is aimed to find the interconnection between the two fields in several studies published in international journals. Method: This inquiry applies the bibliometrics method with data sources from the Web of Science and uses VosViewer as an analysis and mapping tool. Results: Results show that the number of keywords containing “public relations” counts more than “journalism.” This study reveals six clusters of keyword mapping that form specific themes: crisis communication management, ethics, professional education, public relations practitioners- journalist relationships, media relations, and publicity scope, news media management, and public relations and the media. Comparing the most cited references from the field of public relations and journalism shows the number 2:2 or equal. There are six most cited authors, four from the USA and two from Australia. Conclusions: The issue of public relations was found more than journalism because most articles are written by experts, especially Americans, and Australians, who have worked in the field of public relations, although some also had early careers in journalism. However, journalism studies were still considered as references for most articles. Implications: The work of western researchers is still at the forefront of the development of public relations science and journalism studies, which becomes a challenge for researchers from developing countries to develop studies more at the international level.

The development of ICT enables citizen involvement in the decision-making process and two-way communication between democratic actors in the political sphere through digital e-democracy platforms. Unfortunately, implementing digital platforms faces severe problems on the adoption side. A literature review shows that developing countries are research locations that have been widely studied in recent years, and specific theoretical models were used to explain the critical factors that influence user acceptance of e-democracy. This study investigates the critical factors influencing the adoption of e-democracy to fill the research gap. The conceptual model is proposed by integrating the ECM into UTAUT. A cross-sectional survey was designed and employed to test the conceptual model. Tests were carried out on 355 data samples using SmartPLS software. The PLS algorithm testing and the bootstrapping procedure were carried out. The results found that satisfaction, perceived usefulness, effort expectancy, and facilitation conditions directly influence the intention to use e-democracy. At the same time, social influences do not significantly affect the intention to use e-democracy. In addition, perceived usefulness, facilitation conditions, and expectancy confirmation positively influence user satisfaction. Expectancy confirmation positively influences perceived usefulness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Consequently, some policy recommendations need to be adopted by the Indonesian government to improve the quality of e-democracy.

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