Bovine brucellosis, a prevalent zoonotic disease, is caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus, which can infect both humans and animals. This review article aims to provide a full explanation of the causes, historical background, occurrence, development, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, spread, variables that increase the risk, importance to public health, economic impact, treatment, and methods of controlling bovine brucellosis. Bovine tuberculosis primarily affects cattle although it can also affect other animals. Bovine brucellosis is a global illness that occurs in all regions of the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Cattle afflicted with bovine brucellosis may suffer from persistent and incapacitating illness. The main techniques used to identify Brucella infection are serological assays, such as the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), milk ring test (MRT), serum agglutination test (SAT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence of Brucellosis exhibits significant variation as a result of disparities in the precision and efficacy of serological tests. Brucella abortus can be found in various physiological fluids and tissues, such as milk, urine, feces, vaginal secretions, semen, bones, joints, male reproductive organs, placenta, and the fetuses of pregnant women. This condition commonly decreases cow productivity and can negatively impact the financial performance of livestock businesses, particularly dairy sectors. The most effective initial treatment for brucellosis is isoniazid, doxycycline, and streptomycin. The vaccine strains most frequently employed to protect cattle against Brucella infection and related abortions are strains 19 and RB51. Research has shown that bacteriophage lysates are effective for treating bovine brucellosis. Adopting a One Health strategy can help effectively treat this illness by considering the health of both animals and humans.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global issue in animal, human and environmental health. The AMR profile of Escherichia coli reflects the use of antibiotics in production animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from the feces of female Bali cattle with reproductive disorders. Feces samples were taken purposively using a swab on 4 rectums from 7 Bali cattle with reproductive disorders in June 2021 in Lando Village, East Lombok Regency. Escherichia coli samples were isolated on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media and identified by biochemical tests. An antibiotic resistance test against Escherichia coli was carried out by the disk diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the test were Penicillin G 10 U, Oxytetracycline 30 g, Gentamicin 10 g, and Tetracycline 30 g, and Cefotaxime 30 g. The results of planting on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media obtained 4 Escherichia coli which were successfully isolated from 4 samples of Bali cattle feces. Data on the level of Escherichia coli susceptibility level to various antibiotics were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results of the susceptibility test to antibiotics showed that 4 samples of Escherichia coli (100%) were resistant to Penicillin G, (25%) were resistant to Oxytetracycline, (25%) were resistant to Cefotaxime, and (100%) samples of Escherichia coli were sensitive to Gentamicin and Tetracycline. The chi-square test on the level of Escherichia coli susceptibility to various antibiotics was significant with p˂ 0.05 (p-value = 0.012). The results of this study have shown that Escherichia coli from Bali cattle feces experience multidrug resistance which later on might have an impact on human health and the environment.

One of the Indonesian government’s policies to achieve national beef self-sufficiency is the 1000 beef village program. The program was piloted in many cattle-farming centers involving the operation of a feed bank to supply animal feed to tackle the challenge of feed limitation during the dry season. This study evaluates the sustainability status of an ongoing feed bank program and its development strategy based on the current progress of a feed bank used to serve five groups of farmers. Ninety sustainability attributes were derived based on six dimensions. The attributes were compiled from the primary data collected using a questionnaire. Expert opinions from practitioners were also considered in evaluating the attributes. The feed bank’s sustainability status and development strategy were determined using the multi-dimensional scaling method with the rapid appraisal approach. It was found that the overall sustainability status of the feed bank was less sustainable, with an overall score of 49.55. The individual dimensions of (A) policy and government support, (B) raw material, (C) facilities and infrastructure, (D) feed bank management, (D) human resource management, (E) price, production, and (F) distribution systems posed sustainability scores of 48.48, 60.33, 48.57, 47.89, 48.76, and 44.64, respectively. Among the 90 predefined attributes, 21 were identified as highly sensitive through both the root mean square and expert opinion. Those attributes led to five main recommended development strategies: (1) strengthening the institution, (2) intensifying training, (3) increasing human resources (4) partnership developments, and (5) increasing the role of multi-stakeholders.

Background: Wound healing is a complex process involving inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Aloe vera and Vitamin E (Evion®) are well-known for their wound-healing properties because of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and collagen-promoting effects. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Aloe vera leaf extract, Vitamin E, and their combined application on wound healing in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Methods: Twenty male rabbits were divided into four groups: control (treated with saline), Aloe Vera, Vitamin E, and Combined (Aloe Vera + Vitamin E). Full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsum of each rabbit, and treatments were applied daily for 14 days. Wound closure rates were measured on days 0, 4, 7, 10, and 14 followed by histopathological and biochemical analyses. Results: By day 14, the combined treatment group demonstrated the most significant wound closure, reducing the wound area by 75% compared with 50% in the Aloe Vera group, 55% in the Vitamin E group, and 35% in the control group. Histopathological analysis showed near-complete re-epithelialization, dense granulation tissue, and enhanced collagen deposition in the combined treatment group. The biochemical results indicated that the hydroxyproline levels were highest in the combined group (6.0 mg/g tissue) and that the antioxidant enzyme activity was elevated. Conclusion: These findings suggest a synergistic effect between Aloe Vera and Vitamin E, leading to accelerated wound healing and improved tissue repair. The combination treatment has the potential to be a superior therapeutic approach for wound management.

This study aims to determine the character and phylogenetics of the β-lactamase Temoneira (blaTEM) gene in Escherichia coli isolated from the reproductive tract of Bali cattle with repeat breeder cases. This study was conducted in June 2021 that used 16 female Bali cattle with repeat breeder cases to take their reproductive tract fluid using a plastic sheet gun. Isolation of Escherichia coli, using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar was identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test on E. coli samples was carried out by disc diffusion method. The screening test for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase was done using the double-disk approximation test method. Characterization of the blaTEM gene in E coli, using the PCR method and sequences of the blaTEM gene, were phylogenetically analyzed. The results showed that 4 E. coli isolates were obtained from 16 samples of reproductive tract fluid. The sensitivity test to antibiotics of 4 isolated samples of E. coli showed that 50% were resistant to penicillin and cefotaxime. Samples of E. coli resistant to penicillin and cefotaxime showed synergy results in the double-disk approximation test. The PCR results showed that the samples of E coli encoded the blaTEM gene which was located at the 560 bp position on gel electrophoresis. The phylogenetic tree analysis found that the blaTEM gene encoded by E. coli was related to E. coli encoding the blaTEM-206 gene. The character blaTEM gene in samples of E. coli showed the character of blaTEM-206 gene of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli. Escherichia coli from the reproductive tract of Bali cattle showed the character of E. coli S2.2-EK pEC-S2.2 blaTEM gene for class A broad-spectrum B-lactamase TEM-206 with a high degree of kinship.

Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is increasing worldwide as a consequence of the over usage of anthelmintic. Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) is one of the methods to measure of anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal helminth. The objective of this paper is to know gastrointestinal helminth resistance using Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test. A community trial was carried out in North Lombok during Mei 2019. Eighteen (18) Bali cattle were used in this research after analyzed by eggs per gram feces (EPG) to know the value of eggs of helminth in Bali cattle before anthelmintic were given, as basic data. They were divided into 3 groups: group one was not given anthelmintic, group two was given Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg BW), and group three was given Albendazole (15 mg/kg BW). The feces of 18 Bali cattle examined by EPG to know of Fecal Egg Reduction were collected after 14 days of giving Ivermectin and Albendazole. The data of Fecal Egg Reduction between Ivermectin and Albendazole groups were analyzed by T-test. The result showed that the group given Ivermectin can be reduced 91.66±83.20 % eggs per gram feces and the group was given Albendazole can be reduced 83.81±74.51% eggs per gram feces by FECRT. The T-test showed no significant difference between the group that was given Ivermectin and albendazole group (p>0.05). The eggs per gram feces of the group were not given anthelmintic increased until 41.66±208.366 eggs per gram feces. Ivermectin and Albendazole can give for gastrointestinal helminthiasis because they can reduce eggs per gram feces but anthelmintic resistance of Ivermectin and Albendazole was indicated because the anthelmintic has to reduce fecal egg count by at least 95 %.