The authors disclose the essence of tax planning for domestic enterprises in the conditions of development of the economy in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Foreign experience as to approaches to interpretation of the phenomenon of «tax planning» is studied. It is substantiated that the existing modern approaches to the definition of the term of «tax planning» should be divided by the characteristics of purpose and subordination. The work contains a further elaboration of conceptual-categorical apparatus of taxation theory by closer defining of «tax planning», where, contrary to existing developments, it is proposed to assess the impact of elements of the current tax system on the efficiency of financial-economic activities of enterprises. A theoretical analysis of modern trends of tax planning is carried out and it is determined that the existing conditions of operation of enterprises are such phenomena as: digitalization of economic processes, robotization of business processes, influence of other factors of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and growth of uncertainty and level of risks for economic entities. According to the results of the research, it is defined that all these phenomena will affect the process of taxation of enterprises at the micro level due to the acceleration of data processing processes and changes in tax planning objects. The article explains the directions of further research on this topic, namely, the development of an economic-mathematical model of the influence of elements of the tax system in the context of the trends of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which becomes relevant in modern conditions of tax planning.

The object of this study is military waste management models as a system of actions and processes aimed at choosing how to handle it. The task to devise ways to reduce military waste under conditions of increasing volumes and rates of its accumulation is considered. The policy of military waste management in the countries of hostilities was investigated; it was concluded that there are no effective mechanisms and schemes for managing such waste. Trends in the increase in the amount of military waste have been identified and a forecast of their further growth under the conditions of modern wars has been formed. The current legislative support for the implementation of waste management policies formed in the process of physical and moral deterioration of military equipment and ammunition in military units was analyzed. It was determined that the main subject of management of such waste is the state represented by state authorities and management. Models to manage military waste formed in the process of hostilities have been proposed. These military waste management models are based on the criteria of economic, social, and environmental efficiency. Special features of the research results are that the proposed models provide for the transfer of rights to perform certain stages in the waste management chain by subjects of the non-state sector of the economy. Distinctive features of the reported results are that they present alternative models for managing military waste formed in the process of warfare. The choice of model is determined by the priorities of the defense and policy of post-war reconstruction of the country's economy. The area of practical use of the results is the system of public administration bodies, which forms proposals for changes to the legislation in terms of forms of cooperation between the state and non-state sectors in the field of military waste management

This paper studies the dynamics and trends in processes of mergers and acquisitions in a highly competitive and global economic environment. The aim of this study is to analyse and divide into periods M&A agreements in the global economy. The study produces a precise definition and discusses benefits and drawbacks of such horizontal and vertical agreements. The authors discuss historical waves of mergers and acquisitions processes and present 11 individual periods containing special aspects and description of types of the agreements, as well as supplement the periods with COVID-19 pandemic flow for 2020-2021. A polynomial regression analysis is used to predict the mechanism, results and magnitude of mergers and acquisitions. Furthermore, a discrete time model enables studying behaviour pattern of mergers and acquisitions happened during 2009-2020. The results demonstrate that transnational companies are greatly attributed to economic growth through mergers and acquisitions despite their rather high preparation and implementation costs. It may be expected an escalation of capital redistribution among pharmaceutical and bioengineering companies in a post-pandemic period due to increased M&A agreements.

This article is an original attempt to define the necessity of providing the components of Industry 4.0 of the utility sector of tourism infrastructure. The problem is that the tourism utility sector faces challenges in Industry 4.0, such as the need for infrastructure modernization, digital integration, sustainability, and meeting changing tourist expectations. The study is conducted based on data from four (Croatia, Albania, Portugal, Montenegro) leading countries in terms of international tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP, as well as Romania and Ukraine as countries with great tourism potential. The significant impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on the development of tourism in these countries, is proved in this article. This study seeks to investigate the obstacles encountered by the tourism infrastructure utility sector in Industry 4.0 and suggests solutions to overcome these challenges. The article proposes a conceptual framework for creating a new scenario for the utility sector, which will be used for efficiently increasing operation of tourism infrastructure objects. Using empirical research, two scenarios are suggested: an optimistic one, where smart technologies facilitate the traveler's life, and a pessimistic one, where technologies do not affect the course of the journey. Also, the linear regression method was used to create the forecast in accordance with the offered scenario. Presented scenarios help identify how smart technologies can make the traveler's life easier by providing fast and efficient travel planning through online applications, and also, show the negative consequences, when technologies do not work properly or unforeseen circumstances arise, leading to delays, disrupted plans, and inconveniences during the journey. The authors noted that the scientific novelty of this research lies in its consideration of the impact of smart technologies on decision-making processes in complex travel situations. A forecast of the number of tourists, and travelers to the studied countries until 2024, was made.

The study's significance is determined by the need to implement Industry 4.0 technologies in all sectors of the economy. The goal of this article is to define and systematize the directions for implementing Industry 4.0 tools in the utility sector, as well as develop methodological and theoretical recommendations for assessing the effectiveness of energy-saving technologies. The research methodology consists of factors impacting the comprehensive assessment of the effective energy-saving technologies while applying multi-criteria optimization principles, particularly the Pareto-optimal (efficient) solution. The methods of dialectics, analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparison and systematization were used in the research process. Results: emphasized the need of handling energy saving matters in the Ukrainian utility sector in context of escalating aggression from russia; described the major Industry 4.0 technologies that the utility sector's most important economic players are already using or can use. The results of the implementation and operation the state target economic program of energy efficiency as well as development of the Ukrainian energy production sector in 2017-2020 were analyzed. A list of indicators that are markers of effective implementation of energy-saving technologies in the utility sector is provided. The scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the obtained results: the research was conducted using a complete approach to the assessment of innovative energy-saving technologies due to the use of Industry 4.0 tools. This comprehensive approach included consideration of efficiency (environmental, technological, economic, and social). The suggested approach entails evaluating the effects of various factors on the overall effectiveness of the innovative energy-saving program, including the review of potential project risks and the examination of internal connections between these factors. The article's practical value concentrates in the formulation and demonstration of scientific and practical provisions concerning the complete assessment of the efficacy a new technologies implementation. Taking into account the complexity of the situation caused by the russian federation's military aggression and the high level of capital intensity of energy production and transmission processes, the proposed applied methodology allows to determine the directions and develop specific management solutions to increase energy efficiency and energy saving of the Ukrainian utility sector.

This article examines the problems associated with the formation and development of the utility sector in individual countries, as well as the use of energy in this sector. According to the temporal retrospective analysis, the authors have provided recommendations for ensuring the sustainable development of the utility sector in a variety of countries by reducing energy intensity and energy consumption, introducing green technologies, and taking into account the structure of the utility sector’s energy consumption. The article explores the dynamics of electricity production for 2012-2021 in China, the United Kingdom, the United States, and some European countries, as well as differences in the degree of electricity independence among them. These differences are reflected in the division of countries into electricity-sufficient and electricity-deficient countries, with a predominance of the latter. A study of the dynamics of energy consumption from 2012 to 2021 has been presented by the authors in order to estimate the level of fuel consumption per unit of the gross domestic product produced by the country. According to the analysis performed, the dynamic of electricity price indexes for Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and France for 2019-2021 indicates that the high cost of energy threatens both the availability of basic energy requirements for the utility sector and the competitiveness of the entire industry. Excessive energy production costs automatically increase the prices of goods and services for all utility consumers. Analysis of the dynamics of household electricity use for 2012-2021 has revealed trends towards diversification and an increase in the share of alternative energy sources in the total volume of energy consumption. The dynamics of the share of renewable energy sources in the total electricity production analyzed by the authors indicate that the provision of energy services and energy consumption should be more efficient and energy-saving. A statement of the problem of utility sector use and its connection with important scientific or practical tasks has been proposed in the article. The utility sector depends significantly on the political context and the public trust factor of society. It represents an important part of the economy and is characterized by the presence of multilateral connections with other spheres of the social economy. In many countries, the utility sector is represented by public services. Considering this, the authors have noted that it must be regulated quite strictly. Clearly defined property rights are a significant factor influencing the process of reforming the utility sector. The article stresses that one of the characteristics of the utility sector is its attachment to individual use by end users and its reliance on electricity. In addition, the authors have emphasized that scarcity of resources, relevant geopolitics, and the economy of a particular country, as well as agreements on the supply of gas, oil, and coal influence the politics of the electricity market globally