In 2020, digital transformation was a major theme to commemorate Indonesia’s main agrarian law’s anniversary. This theme is a reminder of the need to fully implement digital services to improve the quality of land registration products that are cheap, easy to operate, perform quickly, and are trusted by the community. However, no research has comprehensively assessed the readiness of the digital transformation of land services in Indonesia. This paper aims to evaluate the readiness of a land office to achieve digital transformation visions. Here, we apply the Digital Governance Assessment Framework (DGRA), adapted to the land service sector, as the basis for conducting this evaluation. The nine core indicators of the DGRA toolkit are used as a basis for assessment. Desk studies were conducted to identify formal legislation and to find the technical specifications. Direct observations and in-depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders to find user needs and evaluate the implementation of current regulations on the land service business process. Quality assessment was carried out on land registration data at the Land Office of Yogyakarta City as a sample. The quality assessment results indicate a problem with completeness, conformity, consistency, accuracy, duplication, and integrity. In conclusion, the readiness level still needs improvement, especially in the indicator related to Cyber Security, Privacy, and Resilience (1.0). Even though the Leadership and Governance, User-Centered Design, and Public Administration Reforms and Change Management sections shows a reasonably high score (≥2.0), other core sections, namely Technology Infrastructure (1.7), Legislation and Regulation (1.4), Data Infrastructure, Strategies, and Governance (1.8) are mediocre, and therefore they need improvement.

Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Myanmar were hit by the Aceh tsunami. Indonesia has worked with other developed nations to restore construction, one of the most visible sectors. Meuraxa District in Banda Aceh City is one of the districts witnessing strong regional growth despite the presence of tsunami-prone zones. The purpose of this study is to review the redevelopment of settlements that occurred after the Aceh Tsunami without paying attention to spatial plans and disaster-prone zones. This study employs quantitative methodologies in conjunction with a descriptive approach, utilizing a mosaic of remote sensing satellite photos from Google Earth Pro. The supervised maximum likelihood approach was used in conjunction with the land cover categorization scheme from Indonesian National Standard 7645:2010. Based on the thematic map that has been created, 90% of the entire area of Meuraxa District, which was damaged by the Aceh tsunami. Furthermore, substantial regional development along the seaside continued to take place over the next five years. Until 2021, regional development projects in Meuraxa District have become increasingly crowded and have converted regions that serve as natural buffer zones. This study finds that regional governments and local communities must influence regional spatial planning for space emphasis and sector harmony. Tsunami Aceh telah meluluhlantakkan kawasan negara-negara di Asia Tenggara yang berbatasan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia, seperti Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Myanmar. Konstruksi merupakan di antara sektor yang paling jelas terdampak dan pemerintah Indonesia telah berupaya memulihkan sektor tersebut dengan menggandeng beberapa negara maju. Kecamatan Meuraxa di Kota Banda Aceh merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang berkembang pesat, namun kurang memperhatikan keberadaan zona rawan bencana tsunami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pembangunan kembali permukiman yang terjadi pasca Tsunami Aceh yang membangun tanpa memperhatikan rencana tata ruang dan zona rawan bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan memanfaatkan mozaik citra satelit penginderaan jauh dari google earth pro. Penerapan teknik supervised maximum likelihood menggunakan skema klasifikasi penutup lahan dari Standar Nasional Indonesia 7645:2010 berhasil memetakan 90% dari total luas Kecamatan Meuraxa telah hancur akibat tsunami Aceh pada 2004. Selanjutnya, lima tahun periode selanjutnya terjadi konstruksi pembangunan wilayah yang masif di dekat pantai. Hingga tahun 2021, perkembangan dan pemulihan konstruksi pembangunan wilayah di Kecamatan Meuraxa semakin padat dan mengonversi areal yang difungsikan sebagai areal penyangga alami. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat setempat harus memedomani rencana tata ruang wilayah yang ada agar perizinan pemanfaatan ruang terarah dan terjadi keserasian antar sektor.

Community participation in the implementation of government projects, including land registration activities, has now increasingly incorporated and mainstreamed. The public is encouraged and invited to actively participate in the various stages of land registration process. However, the extent of community participation in land registration activities in Indonesia has not been thoroughly investigated. This paper aims to examine the level of community participation in supporting the Complete Systematic Land Registration, known as PTSL in Indonesia. Classical and new theories on community participation were used as the framework. They include A Ladder of Citizen Participation, the Wheel of Participations, and Consultations Complexity Chart. All stages in the PTSL were identified and classified based on their levels or quadrants on the three theoretical models. The findings show that 13 out of 32 steps in the PTSL have public participation involvement, 7 steps potentially involve community participation and 12 of them have no community elements. Stages in PTSL that have community participation are located at a higher level of the ladder and the wheels, as well as the most complex part in the chart.Intisari: Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan proyek-proyek pemerintah, termasuk pada kegiatan pendaftaran tanah, kini semakin diarusutamakan. Masyarakat didorong untuk terlibat dalam berbagai tahapan proses pendaftaran tanah secara aktif. Namun, sejauh mana partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan pendaftaran tanah di Indonesia belum diteliti secara menyeluruh. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan Pendaftaran Tanah, yang dikenal sebagai PTSL di Indonesia. Teori klasik dan baru tentang partisipasi masyarakat digunakan sebagai kerangka kerja kajian ini. Teori-teori tersebut adalah Tangga Partisipasi, Roda Partisipasi, dan Bagan Kompleksitas Konsultasi. Semua tahapan dalam PTSL diidentifikasi dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan level atau tingkatan, dan kuadran pada tiga model teoritis tersebut. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa 13 (tiga belas) dari 32 (tigapuluh dua) tahapan kegiatan dalam PTSL ada keterlibatan partisipasi masyarakat, 7 (tujuh) langkah berpotensi melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat dan 12 (dua belas) di antaranya tidak ada keterlibatan unsur masyarakat. Tahapan dalam PTSL dengan partisipasi masyarakat semakin menuju pada tangga partisipasi yang lebih tinggi, dan kuadran roda partisipasi yang lebih jauh, serta pada bagian paling kompleks dalam Bagan Kompleksitas Konsultasi.

The history of the cadastre in Indonesia encompasses the periods of Dutch East Indies colonial rule, Japanese occupation, and the post-independence era. The enactment of Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), particularly Article 19, which defines the scope of cadastre, has brought about significant changes. Nonetheless, the core issue remains the ineffectiveness of cadastre mapping in providing legal certainty, even serving as a recurring source of land-related problems, including during the periods of Presidential Regulations (PP) 10/1961, PP 24/1997, and PTSL. This research aims to comprehend the concept and historical mission of cadastre in each village or sub-district periodically and to assess its impact on land-related cases. The research employs normative legal methods and qualitative approaches. Conceptual, historical, comparative, and case study approaches are employed to gain a deeper understanding. Moreover, philosophical approaches (fundamental, comprehensive, and speculative) and ontological, epistemological, and axiological aspects are also considered for further research. The findings unveil the complexity and dynamics involved in land registration and cadastre management in Indonesia. Changes in regulations, ontological, and epistemological approaches, along with efforts to establish comprehensive registration maps, constitute vital components in maintaining effective legal certainty and land management. Keywords: cadastral history, Legal certainty, Land-related issues, Cadastral mapping, Land registration reform. INTISARI Sejarah kadaster di Indonesia meliputi era Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda, penjajahan Jepang, hingga era kemerdekaan. Berlakunya Undang-Undang nomor 5 tahun 1960 tentang UUPA, terutama Pasal 19 yang mengatur ruang lingkup kadaster, mengubah dinamika. Meski demikian, permasalahan inti adalah perpetaan kadaster yang kurang efektif dalam memberikan kepastian hukum, bahkan menjadi sumber berulangnya masalah pertanahan, termasuk di era PP 10/1961, PP 24/1997, dan PTSL. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami konsep dan sejarah misi kadaster di setiap desa atau kelurahan secara periodik, serta membandingkan dampaknya pada kasus pertanahan. Metode hukum normatif dan pendekatan kualitatif digunakan. Pendekatan konseptual, sejarah, perbandingan, dan studi kasus diterapkan. Pendekatan filsafat (mendasar, menyeluruh, spekulatif) dan aspek ontologis, epistemologis, serta aksiologis juga dipertimbangkan untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Hasilnya mengungkapkan kompleksitas dan dinamika dalam penyelenggaraan pendaftaran tanah dan kadaster di Indonesia. Perubahan aturan, pendekatan ontologis dan epistemologis, serta upaya mewujudkan peta pendaftaran lengkap menjadi komponen penting dalam menjaga kepastian hukum dan pengelolaan pertanahan yang efektif. Kata Kunci: Sejarah kadaster, Kepastian hukum, Masalah terkait tanah, Pemetaan kadaster, Reformasi pendaftaran tanah

In accordance with Minister of ATR/BPN Regulation No. 3 of 2023, the Ministry of ATR/BPN has initiated the implementation of an electronic land registration system, including the transition of Land Books and Survey Letters to digital formats. However, concerns regarding the security of electronic certificates have increased due to the threat of data breaches. Blockchain technology, with its robust encryption and immutable decentralization, is proposed as a solution to enhance the security, transparency, and efficiency of land administration. This study aims to examine the current status of land document digitization and its potential integration with Blockchain; evaluate how Blockchain can improve security and prevent forgery of electronic documents; identify technical and policy challenges associated with Blockchain implementation and strategies to address them; and assess the urgency of Blockchain adoption for securing electronic land documents in Indonesia. A systematic literature review was employed to identify risks and challenges in the implementation process. The findings suggest that Blockchain has significant potential to improve the security and trustworthiness of the land administration system, despite challenges such as data storage efficiency, user security, energy consumption, and the lack of specific regulations. Effective implementation of Blockchain will require thorough preparation, stakeholder collaboration, and public education on its benefits and security. Keywords: Blockchain; Electronic Land Document Security; Blockchain Implementation in Indonesia; Electronic Land Registration System; Land Information Technology. INTISARI Sesuai Peraturan Menteri ATR/Ka BPN No. 3 Tahun 2023, Kementerian ATR/BPN telah mulai menerapkan sistem pendaftaran tanah elektronik, termasuk alih media Buku Tanah dan Surat Ukur ke format digital. Namun, kekhawatiran mengenai keamanan sertipikat elektronik meningkat akibat ancaman peretasan data. Teknologi Blockchain, dengan enkripsi kuat dan desentralisasi yang tidak dapat dimanipulasi, diusulkan untuk meningkatkan keamanan, transparansi, dan efisiensi administrasi pertanahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kondisi terkini alih media dokumen pertanahan dan potensi integrasinya dengan Blockchain; mengevaluasi bagaimana Blockchain dapat meningkatkan keamanan dan mencegah pemalsuan dokumen elektronik; mengidentifikasi tantangan teknis dan kebijakan dalam penerapan Blockchain serta strategi untuk mengatasinya; dan menilai urgensi penerapan Blockchain dalam pengamanan dokumen pertanahan elektronik di Indonesia. Metode tinjauan literatur sistematis digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko dan tantangan implementasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Blockchain berpotensi besar dalam meningkatkan keamanan dan kepercayaan sistem pertanahan, meskipun ada tantangan seperti efisiensi penyimpanan, keamanan pengguna, konsumsi energi, dan kurangnya regulasi spesifik. Penerapan Blockchain memerlukan persiapan matang, sinergi antara pemangku kepentingan, dan edukasi masyarakat mengenai manfaat dan keamanannya. Kata Kunci: Blockchain; Keamanan Dokumen Elektronik Pertanahan; Penerapan Blockchain di Indonesia; Sistem Pendaftaran Tanah Elektronik; Teknologi Informasi Pertanahan.

The digital transformation of land administration services in Indonesia through the Electronic Land Certificate Program represents a strategic government initiative aimed at improving efficiency, transparency, and legal certainty, as regulated under the Ministerial Regulation of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) No. 3 of 2023. However, its implementation faces multifaceted complexities and challenges at the local level. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the implementation of the electronic land certificate program across four prioritized land offices: Sleman, Bogor I, Bogor II, and Buleleng—by identifying common patterns and specific differences in encountered issues and applied strategies. A descriptive qualitative approach with a comparative case study method was employed. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document analysis at each location. The findings reveal shared challenges, including poor data quality, limited human resources, suboptimal information technology infrastructure, and constrained policy and budget dynamics. Nonetheless, differences arise across local contexts: Sleman highlights case backlogs; Bogor I focuses on media conversion issues; Bogor II emphasizes the relationship between data quality and implementation effectiveness; while Buleleng centers on post-disaster archival reconstruction strategies. This research contributes to a more profound understanding of regional implementation gaps and offers adaptive policy recommendations to accelerate sustainable digital transformation within Indonesia’s national land administration system.