Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a benign localized lesion originating from gingival and alveolar oral mucosa. Its origin can be cells of periodontal ligament. The lesions usually develop in women in their twenties. POF is a complex clinical and histological diagnosis due to its shared characteristics with many other conditions. In this paper, we presented a case of an atypical peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) in the left lateral part of the mandible in a 70-year-old male patient who had two semicircular bridges supported on four implants in the upper and lower jaws. A review of CBCT and orthopedic imaging showed no visible intraosseous changes. Histological analysis revealed the diagnosis of POF. The case in question is interesting, as elaborated on in the discussion section of this paper because POF is usually found in female patients aged between 20 and 30 years.

Dental anxiety presents an ever-present challenge in pediatric dentistry. With the development of dental medicine, new discoveries make undergoing dental therapy easier for patients and reduce their anxiety during dental procedures. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a therapeutic approach applied to make medical procedures more bearable to patients. This research aimed to examine the possibilities of reducing dental anxiety in children by using TENS. A total of 125 children aged 9-14 years were included in the study. The respondents were divided into 3 groups. Group A was treated using no anesthesia for the procedure, group B using TENS, and group C with local anesthesia. All respondents underwent a similar dental procedure. The same protocol was used while treating their first permanent molar. The results show that TENS serves as a distraction to patients, and therefore reduces their anxiety during dental procedures. Anxiety after the procedure was significantly lower in the TENS group as compared to the group that did not receive local anesthesia, and even in comparison with the group that received local anesthesia. The TENS device proved to be a useful tool for pediatric dentists to distract their younger patients and make them less anxious, and therefore more cooperative during dental treatment.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of socio-economic and institutional factors on dental health outcomes and inequalities among countries. By applying the oral health status indicator DMFT 12-year-olds index, 117 countries were classified into three dental health groups. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to examine the relations among a set of socio-economic and institutional variables and dental health inequalities. Variables included are GDP per capita, current health expenditures, number of dentists, Corruption Perceptions Index, quality of health services, unemployment rate, internal conflict, Gini index, UHC service index, and general government health expenditures. The results showed that higher corruption prevalence in a country is associated with poor outcomes in a nation's dental health. In countries with the highest satisfaction with the quality of health services, this may be attributed to substantial public health expenditures. The size of health expenditures and the number of dentists available to the country’s population do not necessarily grant advanced dental health, even in economically prosperous countries. Indicators of social inequality do not explain the dental health outcomes, suggesting there are other factors describing better the disparities among low- and higher- DMFT index country groups. Inequalities in dental health are explained by institutional factors, corruption prevalence, and public health funding being important ones. Policy implications towards more generous public funding of health services and implementation of anti-corruption measures could contribute to seizing dental health inequalities worldwide.