Severe floor heave in underground soft rock roadways heavily affects mine safety and production efficiency. In the present study, the context of the Shanghaimiao mining area is analyzed as the research object. In this regard, the floor heave mechanism and floor control in water-rich soft rock roadways are investigated through laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field tests. Moreover, a mechanical model of asymmetric floor heave is established. The obtained results reveal that: the main contributors to serious floor deformation in mining roadways are low rock stratum strength, hydrophysical behavior, and mining disturbance. It is found that the roadway floor stability is relevant to the stress concentration coefficient of the roadway side, the burial depth of the roadway, and the cohesion and internal friction angle of the floor rock. Meanwhile, the correlation between the upward resultant stress of the floor and the stress concentration coefficient of the roadway sides is established. Furthermore, the horizontal stress distribution of the roadway floor within 20 m of the advanced working face is simulated and analyzed. Based on the performed analyses and the obtained results, a novel double-seal deep and shallow inverted bottom arch (DS-IBA) floor support strategy is proposed. The proposed strategy is expected to provide a reference for dealing with similar water-rich soft rock roadways.

Different from single coal seam mining, the stress evolution in the end mining stage of close‐distance coal seams is extremely complex. The unreasonable position and support of the lower retracement channel will cause serious deformation and damage to the surrounding rock. Taking the Yanzishan coal mine as the engineering background, the deformation and failure characteristics of the retracement channel under different overlay environments and the key influencing factors of position design were discussed by numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and field investigation. The results show that the coupling superposition of upper coal pillar high stress and mining dynamic pressure will form a dangerous area with severe ground pressure behavior. The retracement channel should be preferentially designed in zone A (overlying mining roadways), followed by zone B (overlying end‐mining coal pillar), and finally, zone C (overlying section coal pillar). In addition, the rational horizontal distance between the lower retracement channel and the upper end‐mining coal pillar should make the channel in a good stress environment. The safety distance between the retracement channel and the nearest main roadway (end‐mining coal pillar width) should be greater than the severe range of advance abutment pressure. Finally, the design principle and control strategy for the lower retracement channel is proposed. The feasibility and rationality of the study are verified by industrial applications.

In order to determine the reasonable width of a stopping coal pillar in close-distance coal seams, the evolution law of front abutment pressure of the working face with repeated mining was studied. Based on the actual engineering project, we conducted field measurement, theoretical analyses, numerical simulations and a physical similarity simulation test to study. The results show that: (1) according to field measurement, the influence range of front abutment pressure increases from 60 m to 75 m with repeated mining; (2) according to theoretical analysis, the arch height and span are negatively and positively correlated with the influence range of front abutment pressure, respectively; (3) with repeated mining, the arch height increased to 165 m, the arch span to 235 m and the influence range to 83.5 m by 14.5 m relative to that before repeated mining; (4) if it is necessary to ensure that the main roadway is less affected by the mining stress, the width of the stopping coal pillar in 2214 working face should be greater than 80 m. The influence range of front abutment pressure increases obviously with repeated mining in close-distance coal seams. The study provides a reference for similar engineering projects.

Under the condition of close‐distance double‐thick coal seams’ mining, the serious strata behavior occurred in the lower retracement channel, which is affected by the double disturbance with upper coal‐pillar static load and mining dynamic pressure. Field investigation, laboratory test, and numerical simulation were used to study the failure characteristics and stress distribution of N0381 retracement channel. The results show that the plastic failure and stress of the surrounding rock are obviously asymmetric; specifically, the closer the roof is to N0381 gob, the stronger the strata behavior is. In addition, when the upper coal pillar is in critical stable or stable state ((w/h) > 2), high stress concentration in the upper coal pillar is transmitted downward through floor rock so that two dangerous areas with severe strata behavior are formed in N0381 retracement channel. In view of this, a partition control strategy with “high‐pressure water jet + asymmetric high‐strength cable‐beam net + three‐hole anchor cable group + roof grouting” as the core is proposed to ensure the stability of the lower retracement channel. This study provides a reference for coal mines with similar production geological conditions.