A bacia hidrográfica é uma unidade ambiental de grande importância para o planejamento e gestão de recursos naturais, sobretudo por ser detentora de biodiversidade e do funcionamento das diversas atividades humanas. Diante disso, o estudo morfométrico de bacias auxilia na tomada de decisão e na gestão de recursos hídricos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as características morfométricas da bacia hidrográfica do rio Caripi, zona costeira amazônica, no estado do Pará. Foi utilizada técnicas de geoprocessamento para calcular os índices morfométricos, bem como a confecção dos mapas. A bacia do rio Caripi possui uma área de 475,26 km², seu formato é alongado, menos sujeita a inundações e apresenta um padrão de drenagem dendrítica com hierarquia fluvial de quarta ordem. A bacia apresentou valores de drenagem consideradas baixa e com pouca aptidão a formação de novos canais, indicando também um escoamento mais lento, maior infiltração da água no solo e maior tempo de concentração devido aos aspectos geomorfológicos e de relevo. O relevo da bacia é composto em sua maioria por áreas planas (41,87%) e suave ondulado (48,50%), possuindo uma amplitude altimétrica de 70,03 metros, e maior taxa de evapotranspiração de acordo com a orientação da vertente do terreno. Desse modo a pesquisa é essencial para dar subsídio ao planejamento hidrológico e ambiental da bacia do rio Caripi.Palavras-chave: Análise Hidrológica; Geoprocessamento; Planejamento Ambiental. Morphometric Characterization of the Caripi River Hydrographic Basin, Amazon Coastal ZoneA B S T R A C TThe hydrographic basin is an environmental unit of great importance for the planning and management of natural resources, above all because it holds biodiversity and the functioning of various human activities. Therefore, the morphometric study of basins helps in decision making and management of water resources. In this sense, the aim of the work was to analyse the morphometric characteristics of the hydrographic basin of the Caripi river, in the Amazon coastal zone, in the state of Pará. Geoprocessing techniques were used to calculate the morphometrics index, as well as the preparation of maps. The Caripi river basin has an area of 475.26 km², its shape is elongated, less subject to flooding and presents a dendritic drainage pattern with fourth-order river hierarchy. The basin presented drainage values considered low and with little aptitude for the formation of new channels, also indicating a slow runoff, greater water infiltration into the soil and longer concentration time due to geomorphological and relief aspects. The relief of the basin is composed mostly of flat areas (41.87%) and smooth wavy (48.50%), having an altimetric amplitude of 70.03 meters, and a higher evapotranspiration rate according to the orientation of the slope of the terrain. Thus, research is essential to support the hydrological and environmental planning of the Caripi river basin.Keywords: Hydrological Analysis; Geoprocessing; Environmental Planning

O sistema de derruba e queima ainda é praticado na Amazônia, contribuindo para a destruição ambiental. Objetivou-se apresentar as perspectivas e realidades da agricultura de corte e queima na Amazônia, bem como suas relações envolvidas. Utilizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico para realização do estudo. Os agricultores persistem nesse sistema, por ser de baixo custo e de fácil adoção, em função da baixa fertilidade da maioria dos solos da região amazônica, do elevado custo de fertilizantes e corretivos. Os principais focos atuais de queimadas na Amazônia são associados à agricultura, em especial em escala familiar. As queimadas praticadas proporcionam danos ao ambiente, fauna e flora. Esse sistema mostra-se insustentável ainda presente no ambiente agrícola, principalmente na agricultura familiar da região Norte do Brasil, fator este agravante para a fauna e a flora local.

The Amazon River Delta-Estuary region presents a scenario of high annual precipitation totals, governed by large- and meso-scale hydrometeorological events. Intense precipitation can lead to significant erosive susceptibility in the region, depending on hydrometeorological influences and different types of land use and cover. This study aimed to assess rainfall erosivity risk in a time series spanning from 1985 to 2022, with the hypothesis that hydrometeorological events, as well as land use and cover, influence this factor. The dynamics of erosivity were evaluated from the perspective of the influence of hydrometeorological events and land use and cover types. Rainfall erosivity (R) ranged from 10078.7 to 13975.16 MJ·mm−1·ha−1·h−1·year−1, classified as very high erosivity in all years of the study period. The erosive potential showed climatic variability according to the positive and negative phases of the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), and the warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The R-factor is positively related to natural non-forest formation, agriculture, non-vegetated area, and wetland ecosystems; being influenced by hydrometeorological events and spatially by different types of land use and cover, confirming the hypothesis raised.

DIAGNÓSTICO QUALI-QUANTITATIVO DA ARBORIZAÇÃO DAS PRINCIPAIS VIAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE CAPANEMA, PARÁ

Coastal basins stand out for their continent-estuary interface and connection as corridors of mangrove forests. The Maracanã River Basin (MRB) represents this environment, holding various ecosystem services for the component municipalities, protected areas with highly sensitive environments and water demand, and potential for multiple water uses. The proposed aim was to identify areas of degradation and environmental conservation in the MRB using the Blueprint model as support for water resource management. The methodology involved the application of the Blueprint model in the MRB, based on land use and cover information, rainfall, and characterization of the ecological units. The results showed that the MRB basin predominantly exhibits the degradation and restoration/connectivity classes in the Annual Blueprint (ABP) and Dry Blueprint (DBP), respectively. On the other hand, the Rainy Blueprint (RBP) predominantly exhibits Environmental Integrity. Statistical tests showed significant differences between ABP-RBP and DBP-RBP, which can be explained by the fact that on an annual scale of analysis, Blueprint classes are more heterogeneous, with a tendency toward environmental integrity, and intermediate classes in the rainy period; in the dry period, restoration and connectivity and degradation classes predominate. The correlation analysis indicates that natural vegetation cover shows a significant correlation with annual precipitation, rainy and dry quarters. These results provide significant insight into understanding the dynamics of degradation and conservation areas, assisting decision-makers in the environmental planning of the basin. In addition, the climatic component showed a differential response on annual and seasonal scales, acting as a modulating agent of the indicators.

The increase in heat islands in large cities, especially in tropical areas, has been a significant problem, as the rise in temperature can cause health issues for people. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze changes in land surface temperature (LST) and urban heat islands (UHI) in 1986 and 2023. The methodological procedures were carried out in four steps: I) Calculation of LST and UHI using the Landsat collection; II) Zonal statistics of the mean, the median, the minimum, maximum, and standard deviation of LST and UHI in each neighbourhood; III) Kruskal-Wallis Test applied to the average LST between 1986 and 2023; and IV) Assessment of the spatial autocorrelation of neighbourhoods using Bivariate Global and Local Moran’s I Index between LST and UHI. The results showed that in 2023, there was an increase in heat islands in central city neighbourhoods compared to 1986, as demonstrated by the Kruskal-Wallis test, which showed significant differences in LST. The global Moran’s I Index presented a value of 0.642, indicating a robust spatial autocorrelation in local studies. The neighbourhoods that showed high correlations were Campina, Cidade Velha, Cremação, Condor, Fátima, Jurunas, Nazaré, Pedreira, Reduto, São Braz, and Umarizal. The neighbourhoods that showed low correlations were Águas Lindas, Aurá, Curió-Utinga, Guanabara, and Parque Guajará. These results are directly linked to the intensification of urbanization and low vegetation cover, especially in central areas of the city, which showed a high correlation. These findings can aid decision-makers and support urban planning, focusing on neighbourhoods with higher average temperatures.