Purpose: This study examines the long-term and causal relationship among foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, trade openness and economic growth from India. Design/methodology/approach: This study has used annual time series data from the period 1985–2018 and applied the Johansen cointegration and vector autoregression (VAR) model. Findings: The results of Johansen's cointegration confirm no long-term relationship among all the above three variables. Further, the results of VAR Granger causality indicate that FDI causes economic growth and economic growth causes FDI, which confirms the bi-directional causality. In contrast, this study found that there is no bi-directional causality between trade openness and economic growth. Social implications: Through this study, the government could take the decisions related to foreign investment after adopting more trade openness because the study results revealed that if India follows more trade openness, then how FDI will flow (upward and downward). With impulse analysis, researchers, government and policymakers take the decision-related FDI inflows for the forthcoming ten years after 2018. Originality/value: This study has found the most exciting results from the impulse functions of FDI inflows, trade openness and economic growth, which showed the situation of these three variables as increase and decrease in the forthcoming ten years.

The aim of this study is to examine the association of financial development, trade openness and sustainable environmental-economic growth among the South Asian countries. This study also identifies which particular country experience more sustainable economic growth in the region. This study collects panel data set range from 1980 to 2018 from World Development Indicators and uses autoregressive distributive lag method for data analysis. The results reveal with these remarks that financial development has a positive and significant impact both in long- and short-run dynamic on environment economic growth of South Asian economies. However, trade openness results regarding pooled mean group, Mean group and common correlated effect mean group are also a positive effect on economic growth. This study is the first-ever attempted for globalization effects to investigate a combined impact on financial development and trade openness on sustainable environmental economic growth regarding South Asian economies.

This study investigates the causal relationship between renewable energy sources and clean environmental economic growth among South Asian economies. This study comprises the panel data sets for eight (8) South Asian countries, and data start from 2003 to 2017. This study implies a Hausman test to identify which particular tests are more suitable and selected a fixed effect test and granger causality test for effective analysis perspective. Moreover, this study further relies on the panel vector error correction model (PVECM) test to suggest for long-run relationship existence among variables. Furthermore, the evaluation of the panel and the dynamic ordinary least squares regression shows that the production of renewable energy has compelled an effect on economic growth. While other sources of energy for instance, hydropower, geothermal, wind, and solar, have valuable and considerable influence on the economic growth of South Asian economies. The results reveal with these remarks the existence of positive associations among productions of renewable energies, energy dependence, and gross domestic product per capita. The obtained results reveal that renewable energy sources show a momentous effect on the economic growth of South Asian economies.