This book explores the possibilities and scope of facilitating innovation and transfer of the environmentally sound technologies in the Post-Paris climate era. The possibilities to be explored by the book will first focus on the roles of the climate finance and technological cooperation mechanisms in innovation and transfer of environmentally sound technologies. Secondly, the book will focus on role of the ‘flexible mechanism’ (i.e. indirect financial mechanisms), which has been re-introduced by the Paris Agreement as ‘voluntary cooperation’ or ‘sustainable development’ mechanism in innovation and transfer of environmentally sound technologies. Thirdly, the book will contain a comparative analysis regarding efficiency of the technology transfer mechanism under global climate regime in comparison with technology transfer mechanism that exists under other multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). In addition to the above, since the issues of trans-boundary technology transfer is also a matter of concern for international trade, the book will discuss to what extent the international trade related laws e.g. intellectual property laws, investment related laws governed by the World Trade Organizations (WTO) can play role in facilitating transfer of the environmentally sound technologies. Another important aspect that this book will cover is potential roles which private sectors can play in innovating and transferring environmentally sound technologies under above-mentioned instruments of international law. In short, this book will be based on the argument that if global climate regime and the international trade regime collaborate each other in creating enabling environment and attracting private sector to invest in the field of environmentally sound technologies, the global challenges of innovation and transfer of the environmentally sound technologies to the developing and least developed countries can be fulfilled in more efficient manner. From conceptual perspectives, discussions and analyses of the book will be made in the light of the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC) - two main guiding principles of the international laws on climate change. This book will be of great interest to scholars of climate change, technology transfer, intellectual property and sustainable development. Besides, national and international level policy makers dealing with climate change and sustainable development will be greatly benefitted from this book.

This chapter presents a brief overview of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) conventions on vessel-source marine pollution preparedness, response, cooperation and intervention as well as marine pollution liability and compensation. It also presents a brief overview of legal instruments covering these issues. Further, the chapter examines the issue of marine environmental pollution by the ship recycling industry. It introduces a compulsory Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships. The Energy Efficiency Design Index has binding obligations of greenhouse gases missions reduction and establishes a minimum energy efficiency level per capita mile. The international regime for the protection of the marine environment includes the legal and jurisdictional framework for prevention, reduction and control of marine pollution from ships. Various sources of marine pollution from ships have prompted the development of many international conventions under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization. In 2004, the IMO adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments.

The ocean is facing unprecedented environmental and conservation challenges. The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development gives a special emphasis to the ocean. SDG 14, dedicated to the ocean, incorporates several targets for the conservation of the marine environment and marine biodiversity. Most recent reports show that progress for achieving these targets is very slow. The ocean-dependent communities in coastal developing countries are facing serious threats to their lives and livelihoods. The progress for innovation and transfer of technology, which is critical for sustainable ocean governance, is also painfully slow. Against this backdrop, the chapter concisely presents the relevant provisions of SDG 14 and the role of the law of the sea and international intellectual property law in facilitating transfer of marine technologies. It argues that both regimes have legal avenues for marine technology transfer. However, these legal provisions are yet to be translated into reality. A concerted global initiative for marine technological innovation and dissemination is needed to achieve the targets under Goal 14.