The environmental impact of CO₂ emissions is widely acknowledged, making the development of alternative propulsion systems a priority. Hydrogen is a potential candidate to replace fossil fuels for transport applications, with three technologies considered for the onboard storage of hydrogen: storage in the form of a compressed gas, storage as a cryogenic liquid, and storage as a solid. These technologies are now competing to meet the requirements of vehicle manufacturers; each has its own unique challenges that must be understood to direct future research and development efforts. This paper reviews technological developments for Hydrogen Storage Vessel (HSV) designs, including their technical performance, manufacturing costs, safety, and environmental impact. More specifically, an up-to-date review of fiber-reinforced polymer composite HSVs was explored, including the end-of-life recycling options. A review of current numerical models for HSVs was conducted, including the use of artificial intelligence techniques to assess the performance of composite HSVs, leading to more sophisticated designs for achieving a more sustainable future.

Biocomposites based on thermoplastic polymers and natural fibers have recently been used in wind turbine blades, to replace non-biodegradable materials. In addition, carbon nanofillers, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), are being implemented to enhance the mechanical performance of composites. In this work, the Mori–Tanaka approach is used for homogenization of a polymer matrix reinforced by CNT and GNP nanofillers for the first homogenization, and then, for the second homogenization, the effective matrix was used with alfa and E-glass isotropic fibers. The objective is to study the influence of the volume fraction $V_f$ and aspect ratio AR of nanofillers on the elastic properties of the composite. The inclusions are considered in a unidirectional and random orientation by using a computational method by Digimat-MF/FE and analytical approaches by Chamis, Hashin–Rosen and Halpin–Tsai. The results show that CNT- and GNP-reinforced nanocomposites have better performance than those without reinforcement. Additionally, by increasing the volume fraction and aspect ratio of nanofillers, Young’s modulus $E$ increases and Poisson’s ratio $\nu$ decreases. In addition, the composites have enhanced mechanical characteristics in the longitudinal orientation for CNT- reinforced polymer and in the transversal orientation for GNP-reinforced polymer.

Oceanic energy sources, notably offshore wind and wave power, present a significant opportunity to generate green hydrogen through water electrolysis. This approach allows for offshore hydrogen production, which can be efficiently transported through existing pipelines and stored in various forms, offering a versatile solution to tackle the intermittency of renewable energy sources and potentially revolutionize the entire electrical grid infrastructure. This research focusses on assessing the technical and economic feasibility of this method in six strategic coastal regions in Morocco: Laayoune, Agadir, Essaouira, Eljadida, Casablanca and Larache. Our proposed system integrates offshore wind turbines, oscillating water column wave energy converters, and PEM electrolyzers, to meet energy demands while aligning with global sustainability objectives. Significant electricity production estimates are observed across these regions, ranging from 14 MW to 20 MW. Additionally, encouraging annual estimates of hydrogen production, varying between 20 and 40 tonnes for specific locations, showcase the potential of this approach. The system’s performance demonstrates promising efficiency rates, ranging from 13% to 18%, while maintaining competitive production costs. These findings underscore the ability of oceanic energy-driven green hydrogen to diversify Morocco’s energy portfolio, bolster water resilience, and foster sustainable development. Ultimately, this research lays the groundwork for comprehensive energy policies and substantial infrastructure investments, positioning Morocco on a trajectory towards a decarbonized future powered by innovative and clean technologies.

Nanoporous carbon derived from Moringa oleifera seed waste was synthesized by an original process of flash pyrolysis followed by zinc chloride impregnation. The N₂-adsorption–desorption results of the optimized sample revealed a BET surface area of 699.6 m²/g and a pore size of 2 nm. It was evaluated for the adsorption of a mono azo dye, methyl orange (MeO), from aqueous solution. Four isothermal models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevic and Temkin) were applied to fit the experimental data. The results revealed that Langmuir is the most appropriate isothermal adsorption model to describe the adsorption process (X² = 1.16); with an adsorption capacity 367.83 mg/g at 298 K, the interaction of MeO dye with the nanoporous carbon surface is a localized monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics was consistent with the pseudo-second-order model and found to correlate well with the experimental data (X² = 9.06). The thermodynamic study revealed a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process, and the substances are adsorbed in a random manner. The desorption of MeO dye from MOC-ZnCl₂ by sodium hydroxide solution was achieved to a level of about 84%, and the nanoporous carbon was recycled and reused at the fifth cycle. This work demonstrates that MOC-ZnCl₂ could be employed as an alternative to commercially available activated carbon in the removal of dyes from wastewater.